MEEARS  PRIZE.  ESSAY, 


"UTAH:    Her  Attractions  and  Resources,  as  Inviting  the 

Attention  of  Tourists  and  Those  Seeking 

Permanent  Homes." 


TO 


ROBERT    W.    SLOAN,    Esq., 

E  SAT/lXfjJffiT  HERALD. 


OF  THE 


-BY 


COL.   O.    J.    UOLLTSTER, 

COLLECTOR  OF  INTERNAL  REVENUE, 


S.    .A.    KENTSTER.    Esq., 

EDITOR  OF  THE  BEAVER  ENTERPRISE. 


Published  for  Gratuitous  Distribution  by 

GEORGE  A.  MEEARS, 
ii,  13.  15  SKCOND  Soi-rii  STREET,  SALT  LAKK  CITV,  UTAH. 


SALT  LAKE  HERALD,  PRINTERS. 


GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 


CITY. 


P.  H.  LANNAN 


Proprietor. 


The  Empire    is   the  Pioneer     Market  of  Salt 

Lake,  and  retains  front  rank  among 

the  Meat  Markets  of  the 

Rocky  Mountains. 


The  Best  kind  of 


and 


The  Sausage  is  made  by  Steam  Power,  and  is 

such  as  can  bef>Iaced  on  the  tables 

of  Epicures. 


Retail  Dealers,  Hotels  and  Private 

Families  Supplied  on  Reasonable 

Terms  and  Promptly. 


Is  on  the  Corner  of 

FIRST  SOUTH  &  COMMERCIAL  STREETS 

SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 


Remember  the  Empire  when  you  want  the 
Tenderest  Steaks,  the  Choicest  Cuts  and  the 
Finest  Sausage. 

P.  H.  LANNAN. 


11 


DEALER  IN 


IRON,  STEEL, 


Stoves,  Hinware, 


ILL   r  INDINGS, 


kltssmifh  loola 


ETC.,  ETC., 


SALT  LAKE  CITY, 


p      fit 

-       V, 


Brat  National 


SALT  LAKE  CITY. 


Paid  in  Capital    - 
Surplus     -   -   - 


$200,000 
$125,000 


WM.  II.  HOOPER  President. 
II.  S.  ELDREDGE,  Vice-Pres. 
WM.  JENNINGS, 
FERAMORZ    LITTLE, 
JOHN  SHARP, 
NICHOLAS  GROESBECK, 
L.  S.  HILLS,  Cashier. 


Directors 


Receives  Deposits  Payable  on  Bsmni, 


Buys  and  Sells  Exchange  on  New 
York,  San  Francisco,  Chicago,  St. 
Louis,  Omaha,  London  and  Principal 
Continental  Cities. 


MAKES  COLLECTIONS, 

Remitting  Proceeds  Promptly. 


&  GO 

BANKERS, 


ctrr. 


Transact  a  General  Banking  Business. 


direful  Attention   Given  to  the  Sale  of 
Ores  find  Bullion.     We  solicit    Con- 
signments,   Guaranteeing    the 
Highest  Market  Prices. 


Collections   Made   with   Prompt   Re 
turns,  at  Lowest  Bates. 


Execute  Qzdets  fei  Puwb&so  Qr 
ef  §tecks  sad  Beads 


We  Sell  Exchang-e  and  Telegraphic  Transfers 
on  Leading  Cities  of  the  United  States;  also 
Furnish  Sight  Drafts  or  Remit  Funds 
to  London,  Dublin,  Berlin,  Copen- 
hagen,  Paris,    Stockholm    and 
all  other  Prominent  Points 
in   Europe,    at  Lowest 
Rate  of  Exchang-e. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  DEPOSIT  ISSUED  PAYABLE  ON 
DEMAND, 


ACTIVE  ACCOUNTS  SOLICITED. 


CORRESPON  DENTS : 

New  Tork — Importers'  and  Traders'  National, 

Kountze  Brothers. 

Chicago — Commercial  National  Bank. 
San  Francisco— First  National  Gold  Bank. 
Omaha — Omaha  National  Bank. 
St.  Louis— State  Savings  Association. 


PUBLISHER'S  PURPOSE. 


For  the  purpose  of  calling- attention  to  the  many  natural  advantages  of  Utah  Territory, 
in  connection  with  the  Territorial  Fair,  Mr.  George  A.  Meears  addressed  the  following-  to  the 
t-ominiltee  in  charge: 

SALT  LAKE  CITY,  August  24,  1881. 
Hoard  erf  Directors  D.  A.  &  M.  Society  : 

Gent!emen-\  offer  as  a  special  prize,  the  sura  of  $50,  to  be  awarded  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  appropriate  committee  "at  the  coming  Territorial  Fair,  for  the  best  essay  on  "Utah 
Her  Attractions  and  Resources,  as  Inviting  the  Attention  of  Tourists  and  Those  Seeking  Perma- 
nent Homes,"  said  essay  not  to  exceed  5,000  words. 

Respectful  I  v, 

GEORGE  A.  MEEARS. 


After  mature  deliberation  the  Committee  on  Essay  presented  the  following  report: 
To  the  President  and  Board  of  Directors  of  the  D,  A.  &  M.  Society  : 

Gentlemen — The  committee  appointed  by  your  honorable  board  to  award  the  prize  of  j^o, 
offered  by  George  A.  Meears.  Esq.,  for  the  best  essay  on  "Utah:  Her  Attractions  ana  Resources, 
:-s  inviting  the  Attention  of  Tourists  and  Those  Seeking  Permanent  Homes,"  respectfully  report 
that  thev  have  carefully  read  the  several  essays  submitted  to  them,  which  they  nave  numbered 
from  i  to  7,  and  after  full  consideration  of  their  respective  merits,  and  due  deliberation,  a  major- 
ity of  said  committee  award  the  prize  to  essay  "No.  c,"  signed  with  the  initials  of  "W.  S." 

Your  committee  are  also  highly  impressed  with  the  excellence  of  the  essays  uumbered 
i  and  3  respectively,  and  thinking  them  too  good  to  be  lost,  respectfully  suggest  to  "your  board 
the  propriety  of  having  them  published  in  pamphlet  form,  in  conjunction  with  the  pri^e  essay, 
provided  the  authors  are  willing,  with  a  view  to  having  them  placed  with  in  the  reach  of  those 
seeking  correct  information  upon  the  resources  and  attractions  of  Utah. 

Should  your  board  not  be  in  a  position,  financially,  to  incur  the  expenses  of  said  publica- 
tion, there  is  no  doubt  but  the  means  could  easily  be  raised  by  subscriptions  from  leading  busi- 
ness men  in  the  community. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

JOSEPH  R.  WALKER, 
WM.  JENNINGS, 
JOSEPH  L.  BARFOOT, 
WILLIAM  BUDGE. 
JOAB  LAWRENCE, 
'  JOHN  T.  CAINE,  Chairman. 
SALT  LAKE  CITY,  November  2,  1881. 


A  vote  of  thanks  was  unanimously  tendered  to  Mr.  Meears  for  the  interest  he  had  mani- 
fested in  the  recent  Fair,  and  for  the  pecuniary  encouragement  he  had  extended. 

It  having  been  made  kno\vn  to  the  board  that  the  author  of  essay  No.  5,  signed  with  the 
initials  of  W.  S.,  was  Mr.  R.  W.  Sloan,  of  the  SALT  LAKE  HERALD,  Mr.  Meears'  check  for  the 
£50  and  the.pri/.e  essay  were  forwarded  to  him. 


In  presenting  these  essays  for  the  information  of  the  general  public,  it  is  unnecessary  for 
me  to  say  that  the  statements  are  in  every  sense  reliable.  The  reputation  of  the  contributors  and 
the  endorsement  of  the  distinguished  committee  are  sufficient  to  warrant  an  unprejudiced  perusal 
bv  intelligent  readers.  v 

That  Utah  has  been  persistently  misrepresented  by  many  ignorant  and  careless  writers, 
we  are  all  well  aware;  and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  articles  similar  to  those  published  herewith, 
do  not  appear  more  frequently.  The  essays  are  submitted  as  a  fair  and  reliable  exhibit  of  the 
material  interests  of  our  Territory,  which  needs  only  to  be  known  to  be  appreciated. 

I  sincerely  thank  the  talented  writers  for  their  earnestness  and  honesty  in  treating  the 
subject,  and  I  feel  confident  that  the  friends  of  Utah  everywhere  will  cordially  recognize  the 
value  of  these  truthful  and  meritorious  essays. 

Respectfully, 
SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH,  Dec.  i,  iSSi.  GEORGE  A.  MEEARS. 


JOSLIN  &  PARK, 


-THE 


T  1?  A  TITWP  f TP W 

iijiiyjll&  <JI  W 


re  2k 

Ovur    Steels:    of 


IS    SUPERIOR   TO   ANY  IN  THE   WEST. 


WE  HAVE  A 


are  Sole  Agents  for  Utah  for  the 

'fl  «T       1 

***'v 


ALL  KINDS   OF  JEWELRY  MANUFACTURED, 

And  a  Heavy  Stock  of 


Jjrcuoelets, 
AND     EVERYTHING    IN     OUR    LINE. 


hate  a    pecial    B^ortment  of    ^uttful    mmonck 

^rannn  WAUANIBD  GOOD,  WITH  PRICES  REASONABLE,;:  ~ 


SALT  LAKE  CITY,  U.  T,,  &  LEADVILLE,  COL 


Bancroft  Library 


MEEARS   PRIZE  ESSAY. 


^UTAH : 
HER    ATTRACTIONS    AND    RESOURCES 

As  Inviting  the  Attention  of   Tourists  and  Those  Seeking 
Permanent  Homes. 


BY  ROBERT  W.  SLOAN. 


braced  in 


Abroad  field  is  embraced  in  this 
subject.  Naturally  it  divides 
•into  several  themes,  each,  however, 
necessary  to  form  a  perfect  whole 
These  themes  are  distinct,  as  each 
limb  is  a  distinct  portion  of  the 
body,  but  as  absolutely  necessary  as 
each  member  is  to  the  perfect  body. 
It  is  not  a  question  of  what  Utah 
has  been,  but  what  she  is  and  what 
she  will  become;  it  is  not  what  ob- 
stacles have  been  surrnou'ited,  but 
what  the  efforts  of  the  future  will 
realize.  That  which  is  desired  to  be. 
made  clear  is — what  inducement 
does  Utah  offer  to  those  in  search  of 
permanent  homes?  and  what  are 
her  attractions  for  tourists?  The 
former  depends  on  her  natural 
resources,  as  offering  a  permanent 
basis  for  varied  industries ;  upora  her 
government  as  insuring  the  peace 
and  protection  of  her  inhabitants, 
and  upon  the  consistency  of  the 
temperature  and  elements  as  recom- 
mending her  climate  for  healthful- 
ness  and  for  the  uninterrupted  pro- 
secution of  labor.  The  latter  rests 
upon  natural  features;  the  grandeur 
of  the  mountains,  the  sparkling  of 
the  streams,  the  beauty  of  the  lakes, 
the  cool  of  the  canyons,  the  pheno- 
mena of  mineral  springs ;  and  upon 
those  attractions  which  are  the  result 
of  civilization,  as  presented  in  broad 
streets,  fruitful  farms,  peaceful 
homes,  in  lucrative  manufactures 


and  mining,  in  accessibility  to  dif- 
ferent points  of  interest,  in  security 
of  person,  and  in  climatic  influences. 
As  a  foundation  of  all  industries 
and  arts,  agriculture  has  ever  taken 
and  ever  will  take  precedence  as  an 
inducement  to  those  in  search  of 
permanent  homes.  Accumulated 
wealth  may  secure  all  that  agricul- 
ture can  produce,  even  where— ow- 
ing to  unfavorable  conditions  of  the 
soil — the  primal  pursuit  cannot  be 
followed;  but  to  the  laborer,  and  to 
those  whose  hard  blows  strike  from 
the  dry  earth  and  the  crude  metals 
the  wealth  which  adds  to  the  riches 
of  ages,  that  Jocality  can  never  offer 
the'  inducements  'for  permanent 
homes  which  are  advanced  by  a  re- 
gion where  the  earth  yields  its  treas- 
ures of  golden  grain,  and  those  com- 
modities can  be  secured  which  have 
become  necessary  to  life  in  all  civil- 
ized nations.  Precious  metals  may 
abound,  as  they  do  in  Nevada;  but 
unless  agriculture  is  the  primal  pur- 
suit, our  valleys  can  never  be  filled 
with  happy  homes;  the  air  of  peace 
and  plenty  and  contentment  are  not 
congenial;  and  do  what  a  commun- 
ity mcy,  build  what  cities  it  will, 
rear  what  magnificent  palaces  im- 
agination can  devise  or  wealth  al- 
low, its  true  poverty  cannot  be  con- 
cealed. It  will  prove  a  constant  re- 
minder of  impending  desolation, 
causing  those  splendid  edifices  to  ap- 


peer  as  hollow  vanities  and  serve    i 
only  to  make  the  coatrast  between 
rich  cities  and   barren    valleys    the 
more  vivid  painful  and  oppressive,   j 
Any  country  which  has  not  an  agri-    | 
cultural  basis  sufficient  to  sustain    j 
its    population — should    other    re- 
sources fail,  or  a  basis  sufficient  to   | 
produce  the  necessaries  of  life  for 
those  engaged  in  mining  and  maim-   j 
facture— can  offer  no  satisfactory  in- 
ducements to  persons  in  search  of 
permanent  homes. 

AGRICULTURE. 

Up    to     the     advent     of    rail- 
roads    Utah,     of     necessity,     de- 
pended     upon     her      agricultural 
resources  and  a  few   unimportant 
manufactures.       While      minerals 
were  known  to  exist, the  industry  of 
mining — with  the  exception  of  coal 
andiron — was  wisely  discouraged, 
and  all  the  energies  of  the  people 
were  directed  to  the  tilling  of  the 
soil  and  the  laying  of  a  permanent 
basis  for  the  growth  of  such  indus- 
tries as    the  future  might    render 
profitable  and  the  resources  of  the 
territory  might  warrant.   When  the 
pioneers  located  here,   the  valleys 
looked   so    forbidding    that   many 
stout  hearts  sank  at  the  unpromis- 
ing prospect  before  them.    Indeed, 
an  old  mountaineer  offered   $1,000 
for  the  first  ear  of  corn  that  could 
be  raised  in  the  valley,  so  confid?nt 
was  he  that  the  vocation  of  agricul- 
ture would  be  fruitless  in  such  a 
region.    The  soil  was  barren,  but  it 
contained  the  necessary  elements; 
the     climate   was  favorable;    and 
from  that  day  to  the  present,  now    ( 
nearly  thirty-four  years,  the    pro-   | 
ductiveness  of  this  once  sterile  waste    ; 
has  been  a  marvel  to  the  world,  and 
is   an   eternal    monument     to    the 
efficacy  of  labor  directed  by  intelli- 
gence  and     prosecuted    with    un- 
yielding perseverance.    With  each 
succeeding  year  the  ground  becomes 
more  fruitful  and  were  the  amount 
of  land  now  cultivated  the  utmost 
that  could  be  used   for   agriculture 
it  is  not  improbable  that  it  would 
prove  sufficient  to  sustain  as  large  a 
population    as  Utah   will  have  for 
many  years,  even  should  that  popu- 
lation  increase  at  a  greater  ratio 
than  it  has  done  heretofore.    The 
height  of  fertility  to  which  the  soil 
can  be  advanced  has  never  yet  been 
fully   tested,   and  will  not  be  for 
years,  for  necessity  alone  can  insure 


a  satisfactory  soluti@n  of  the  prob- 
lem, and  the  necessity  can  hardly 
exist  in  this  generation.  Thirty- 
three  years  ago  the  land  on  which 
Salt  Lake  City  now  stands,  and  that 
in  its  vicinity,  was  considered  bar- 
ren beyond  redemption.  Thirty- 
three  years  later  Mr.  8.  A.  Woolley, 
on  16  8-10  acres  of  this  same  soil, 
raised  an  average  of  73%  bushels  of 
grain,  to  the  acre!  He  sowed  6^ 
acres  with  wheat  and  obtained  426 
bushels;  5%  acres  with  barley  and 
realized  517  bushels;  3%  acres  with 
oats  and  received  310  bushels;  mak- 
ing a  total .  of  1,253  bushels,  each 
kind  cleanly  separated  from  the 
othe^  The  average  of  wheat  to  the 
acre  is  61  bushels ;  of  oats  88  bushels ; 
all  calculated  by  weight  and  running 
from  four  to  eight  pounds  over  upon 
every  bushel.  At  Mendon,  Cache 
Valley,  a  gentleman  raised,  on  an 
average,  sixty  bushels  of  grain  to 
the  acre,  on  a  large  farm.  Similar 
cases  might  be  cited  all  over  the 
territory.  This  it  must  be  borne  in 
mind  is  the  product  of  land  still  sus- 
ceptible of  much  higher  cultivation. 
But  all  available  land  in  Utah  is  noli 
yet  occupied,  and  the  necessity  for 
better  cultivation  does  not  exist. 
Every  year  thousands  of  acres,  for- 
merly considered  absolutely  worth- 
less, are  being  brought  within  the 
range  of  cultivation  by  the  system 
o  irrigation  peculiar  to  this  'coun- 
try. Canals  are  being  constructed 
in  all  directions,  and  waters  that 
have  run  to  waste  in  the  mountain 
streams  and  canyon  rivers  are  now 
cirried  aroun<J  the  mountain  si'tes 
and  poured  upon  hitherto  barren 
acres.  This  is  being  done  on  the 
east  and  west  sides  of  Salt  Lake 
Valley.  By  means  of  canals  much 
of  the  dry  land-south  of  Ogden  and 
below  the  Weber  River  will 
soon  be  dotted  with  homes  and 
covered  with  fields  of  waving  grain. 
The  same  is  in  progress  in  Cache 
County,  in  Box  Elder,  in  Utah,  and, 
in  fact,  the  same  in  every  county  of 
the  territory,  where  there  are 
streams  to  be  utilized.  At  onetime 
it  was  thought  all  the  available 
land  had  been  secured,  but  as  the 
population  increased,  necessity 
pointed  out  the  way  by  which  others 
coull  obtain  homes;  and  canals, tap- 
ping the  mountain  streams,  began  to 
wina  in  all  directions.  Following 
in  their  course  sprang  up  green 
fields,  orchards,  villages,  towns,  and 


the  homes  of  a  contented  and  pros- 
perous people.  It  is  impossible  to 
foretell  when  the  limit  can  be 
reached,  in  view  of  the  facilities 
thus  offered  for  the  cultivation  of 
new  land ;  but  it  may  safely  be  pre- 
dicted that  neither  this  generation 
nor  the  next  will  .see  the  limit  of 
the  productiveness  of  Utah  con- 
sidered in  her  agricultural  capacity. 
There  are  places  in  Utah  where 
nearly  all  the  products  of  agricul- 
ture can  be  raised  of  equal 
quality  to  any  in  the  United 
States,  and  it  is  the  pride  of 
her  people  and  the  wonder  of  all 
that  within  so  small  an  area,  crops 
can  be  raised  so  prolific  in  quantity, 
excellent  in  quality  and  great  in 
variety.  The  range  of  climate  in 
Utah  is  favorable  to  the  growth  of 
crops  ot  all  kinds,  whether  inciden- 
tal to  the  higher  altitudes,  to  the 
temperate  climate,  or  to  the  semi- 
tropical  regions.  There  are  valleys 
where  frosts  are  almost  of  nightly 
occurrence;  there  are  others  where 
for  many  months  they  are  not  felt, 
and  still  others  where  they  are 
rarely,  if  ever  experienced.  In 
southern  Utah  the  climate  is  con- 
genial to  the  growth  of  cotton  and 
oranges  and  other  products  of  the 
southern  states  and  California.  To 
the  farmer,  therefore,  few  places  of 
the  earth,  in  point  of  variety  of 
agricultural  pursuits,  can  offer 
greater  inducements  tor  a  perman- 
ent home  than  Utah  Territory. 

HORTICULTURE. 

Notwithstanding^  the  compara- 
tively recent  settlement  of  Utah  she 
has  made  rapid  progress  in  horticul- 
ture, and  to  this  is  due  much  f  the 
charm  that  makes  her  cities,  towns 
and  villages  so  attractive.  The 
trees  nearly  covering  the  cities 
with  their  umbrageous  foliage 
and  giving  relief  from  the 
summer  sun,  present  a  charm 
to  the  tourist  and  afford  a  sensation 
to  the  laborer,  that  cannot  be  meas- 
ured in  terms.  This  charm  is  en- 
hanced by  the  fact  that  a  vast  ma- 
jority of  the  trees  bear  delicious 
fruit,  adding  not  only  to  the  attrac- 
tiveness of  the  cities,  but  to  the 
wealth,  comfort  and  convenience  of 
their  inhabitants..  One  of  the  most 
noticeable  features  in  all  towns  in 
our  territory,  and  that  which  prob- 
ably impresses  first  and  pleases 
most,  is  the  flower  garden  and  the 


orchard  surrounding  every  home 
outside  of  Salt  Lake  City  and  nearly 
every  home  within  the  city. 
Flowers  in  endless  variety ,tasteful.ly 
arranged,  grow  in  rich  profusion, 
and  the  effect  is  heightened  by  nu- 
merous species  of  flowering  and 
ornamental  shrubs  Besides'  adding 
to  the  attractiveness  of  a  place  they 
enhance  the  value  of  property  in  a 
sense  more  important  than  one  at 
first  thought  would  imagine.  It 
will,  therefore,  be  seen  that  in  Utah 
the  horticulturlist  has  excellent 
oppoitunities,  which  will  extend 
with  the  increase  and  growth  of  the 
territory. 

STOCK-RAISING. 

Stock  raising  always  has  been  and 
will  continue  to  be  a  profitable  pur-. 
suit  in  the  territory,  certainly  as 
long  as  the  extensive  ranges  exist 
and  the  winter  snows  furnish  water 
for  the  mountain  grasses.  Large  as 
the  herds  have  become,  and  fast  as 
they  increase  each  year,  the  range  of 
Utah  is  not  yet  extiaustsd.  Some  of 
the  finest  grazing  country  remains 
almost  untouched.  In  the  matter  of 
stock  Utah  is  rapidly  approaching  a 
high  standard,  and  a  desire  to  secufe 
better  classes  of  animals  is  generally 
manifested  among  her  farmers  and 
stock  raisers.  The  result  is  that  in 
a  few  years  there  will  remain  only  a 
well  bred  class  of  animals,  into 
which  a  more  perfect  strain  is  con- 
stantly being  introduced.  At  present 
the  most  prominent  breeds  of  horses 
are  the  thoroughbreds,  the  Hamble- 
tonians,  the  Normans,  the  Clydes- 
dales and  many  cresses  of  these  ani- 
mals. Of  all  stock  in  Utah,  ca'ttle, 
perhaps,  as  a  class,  are  nearer  per- 
fect than  any  other;  and  there  is 
not  a  little  in  which  the 
rum  of  blood  are  as  pure 
as  can  be  found  anywhere. 
The  prominent  strains  are  Short- 
horn, Devon,  Jersey  and  Ayrshire, 
with  many  crosses  of  these  and 
other  kinds.  The  same  perfection  is 
being  sought  in  sheep,  the  represent- 
ative strains  being  found  in  the 
Cotswold,  Merino  and  improved 
Kentucky.  It  cannot  be  claimed 
that  Utah  is  the  best  place  in  the 
world  for  stock  raising,  but  she  has 
many  requisites  to  commend  her  in 
this  respect. 

MINING. 

The  great  Tynd&ll  has  said :    "In 
matter  I  find  the  promise  and  po- 


tency  of  the  future,"  lu  the  re- 
sources of  Utah  may  be  found  the 
"promise  and  potency"  of  her  fu- 
ture. Though  mining  has  been  pros- 
ecuted but  a  few  years,  marked  pro- 
gress has  been  made  in  this  import- 
ant industry.  In  the  location  of  our 
minerals  nature  has  been  almost  as 
considerate  as  in  making  them  rich, 
varied  and  inexhaustible.  Indeed 
it  is  not  extravagant  to  assert  that 
there  are  few  places,  if  any,  in  the 
world,  where  can  be  found  within 
the  same  area,  so  many  valuable 
and  useful  metals  and  metalloids, 
which,  from  their  extent,  will 
foster  the  growth  of  large  and 
permanent  industries.  For  many 
years,  outside  of  agriculture  and 
the  existence  of  superior  qualities 
of  coal  and  granite,  no  one  had  the 
faintest  conception  of  the  various 
and  unbounded  resources  o.r  this 
most  favored  region.  With  the  ad- 
vent of  railroads  mining  was  intro- 
duced. Men  became  wealthy,  and, 
as  is  common  in  the  history  of 
mining  sections,  many  were  ruined, 
and  the  country  was  brought  into 
temporary  disrepute,  not  from  the 
Absence  of  mineral  resources,  but 
through  the  practices  of  unprin- 
cipled men.  In  prospecting  for  pre- 
cious metals  many  other  valuable 
substances  were  found.  The  un- 
expected finding  of  useful  minerals 
would  cause  others  to  recall  similar 
discoveries.  Year  after  year— and  so 
gradually  that  these  discoveries  oc- 
casioned but  little  comment— it  be- 
came known  that  within  the 
boundaries  of  Utah  could  be  found 
in  "inexhaustible  abundance  the 
materials  upon  which  are  based 
a  majority  of  the  principal 
industries  of  the  world.  When 
their  extent  and  variety  are 
fully  comprehended  it  becomes  a 
matter  of  actual  astonishment. 
The  people  of  Utah  themselves, 
have  no  conception  of  the  "potency 
and  promise""  latent  within  the 
depths  of  the  snow-capped  moun- 
tains which  guard  their  homes,  and 
husbanded  in  the  valleys  where  they 
reap  the  golden  harvest.  The  future 
of  the  territory  depends  upon  the 
awakening  of  the  people  to  these 
opportunities.  In  the  few  years 
that  have  elapsed  since  the  advent 
of  the  railroad,  Utah  has  suffered  a 
mining  fever  and  its  consequent 
evils,  but  her  star  is  again  on  the 
ascendent  and  she  now  occupies  an 


enviable  position  among  the  metal - 
producing  regions  of  the  nation. 
She  can  boast  the  best  paying  mine 
in  the  country — the  famous  On- 
tario— which,  from  an  origi- 
nal outlay  of  less  than  u 
quarter  of  a  million  has  paid 
over  $3,000,000  in  dividends  and 
still  pays  a  regular  monthly  divi- 
dend of  $7'),000,  besides  carrying  an 
enormous  burden  of  yearly  ex- 
penses, aggregating  fully  three- 
quarters  of  a  million.  Its  perma- 
nence is  a  demonstrated  certainty. 
It  is  the  best  regulated  mine  in  the 
west,  is  making  the  most  extensive 
improvements,has  the  most  superior 
machinery,  and  every  dollar  ex- 
pended is  paid  from  earnings  over 
and  above  the  sum  given  in  monthly 
dividends.  Men  of  experience,  who 
are  thoroughly  competent  to  pass 
judgment  upon  such  matters,  are  of 
,  the  firm  opinion  that  Utah  has  many 
,|  such  mines  as  the  Ontario  yet  unde- 
veloped. ^To  one  can  see  into  the 
earth,  but  the  evidences  in  favor  of 
the  permanence  and  extent  of  Utah's 
mines  are  so  overwhelming  as  to 
enforce  conviction.  At  present, 
mining,  outside  of  coal  fields,  is  al- 
most wholly  confined  to  the  taking 
out  of  precious  metals,  and  while 
the  product  is  not  as'great  as  it  lias 
been  yet  the  profit  on  what  is  mined 
is  incomparably  greaier  than  was 
realized  when  the  yearly  output 
was  larger.  Mining  investments 
are  now  judicious,  formerly  they 
were  the  reverse.  The  present  pro- 
duct marks  the  result  of  a  healthy 
and  steady  movement,  free  from  ex- 
citement, in  which  every  dollar 
realized  marks  a  gain  on  tlie  invest- 
ment. 

A  healthy  influence  is  at  work. 
The  territory  is  gradually  develop- 
ing more  extended  mining  opera- 
tions which  are  destined  to  be  per- 
manent for  the  reason  that  every  • 
advance  is  founded  on  as  great  a 
certainty  as  is  consistent  with  the 
mining  industry.  There  can  be  no 
fatal  reaction  while  the  influences 
now  operating  continue  at  work. 
To  the  miner  no  brighter  prospect 
can  be  offered  than  in  Utah,  and  to 
the  capitalist  in  quest  of  an  oppor- 
tunity for  safe  investment  she 
stands  alone  in  the*  legitimate  spirit 
with  which  hsr  miniug  business  is 
conducted.  The  sound  and  unfail- 
ing agricultural  basis  of  the  terri- 
tory makes  food  cheap  and  abun- 


dant,  and  for  this  reason  her  mines, 
though  they  may  not  be  as  rich  as 
many  others,  nevertheless  can  be 
worked  to  equal  pecuniary  advan- 
tage. 

MANUFACTURES. 

The  promise  of  Utah's  greatness 
is  found  in  the  resources  within  her 
borders,  which  will  favor  the 
growth  of  manufacturing  indus- 
tries. These  manufacturing  indus- 
tries, which,  in  a  general  sense,  ire 
to  secure  for  Utah  wealth  and 
power,  we  of  a  class  more  or  less 
dependent  upon  mining.  To  prove 
the  correctness  of  this  assertion,  it 
is  only  necessary  to  point  to  our 
iron  resources.  One  may  travel  the 
world  over  in  search  of  iron  and  he 
will  return  to  Utah  the  more  firmly 
convinced  that  nowhere  can  this 
metal  be  found  in  more  abundai.ee, 
in  greater  variety,  or  of  a  quality 
that  yields  more  readily  to  the 
toueh  of  the  artisan.  There  is  in 
this  small  territory  enough  iron  to 
supply  the  entire  world  for  centu- 
ries. The  time  must  come  when 
this  wealth  of  iron,  yet  destined  to 
rival  the  wealth  of  the  Indies,  will 
offer  an  unfailing  opportunity  for 
profitable  and  extensive  investment. 
This  time  onca  arrived,  it  will  not 
be  long  before  the  mining  of  iron 
ores  equals  in  proportion  the  min- 
ing for  precious  metals.  In  this  re- 
spect the  mining  and  manufactur- 
ing industries  are  allied.  But  this 
is  not  all.  The  foundation  for  ex- 
tensive industries  in  other 
directions  is  almost  as  great. 
The  fuel  supply  is  unlimited 
consisting  of  coai  in  many  varieties, 
in  oil  shales,  mineral  wax,  etc.  In 
the  matter  of  building  rocks  our 
supplies  are  inexhaustible,  embrac- 
ing varieties  of  granite,  white  and 
red  sand  stone,  lime  stone,  marbles 
and  ornamental  stones.  Then  there 
are  agricultural  rocks,  useful  as  fer- 
tilizers. These  are  to  be  found  in 
such  vast  quantities  as  to  afford 
means  for  fertilizing  our  agricul- 
tural districts  for  many  years  to 
come.  There  exist,  also,  chemical 
rocks  from  which  nearly  all  the 
acids  can  be  manufactured.  Also 
galena  ores  and  ochres  in  every 
variety  from  which  the  finest  white 
lead  and  paints  can  be  manufac- 
tured. We  have  clays  upon  which 
pottery  and  fire  briek  industries 
may  be  established,  and  all  the  ele- 


ments are  to  be  found  for  the  manu- 
facture of  every  variety  of  glass 
upon  a  stupendous  scale.  Besides 
iron,  there  are  gold,  silver,  lead,  an- 
timony, salt,  copper,  and  other  min- 
erals,each  of  which  would  justify  the 
establishment  of  suitable  industries. 
These  are  some  of  the  elements 
upon  which  the  future  of  Utah  de- 
pends. But  our  territory  is  not 
without  her  manufactures.  She 
has  woolen  mills,  shoe  factories, 
tanneries,  dairies,  flour  mills  and 
numerous  other  industries  of  more 
or  less  importance;  is  making  ex- 
tensive p'  eparations  for  the  manu- 
facture of  paper,  silk  and  sugar ;  and 
in  a  short  time — the  foundation 
now  having  been  laid— iron  will  be 
manufactured  on  an  extensive 
scale.  In  these  respects  Utah  is  un- 
excelled in  the  inducements  she  of- 
fers to  those  in  search  of  per- 
manent homes. 

ATTRACTIONS. 

The  natural  attractions  of  Utah 
are  numerous.  First  among  them 
is  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  the  dead  sea 
of  America,  whose  shores  are 
visited  yearly  by  thousands  in 
search  of  health  and  pleasure. 
Being  the  largest  body  of  water  of 
its  kind  in  the  world  it  constitutes  a 
rare  attraction.  No  tourist  can  af- 
ford, if  within  a  reasonable  dis- 
tance, to  forego  a  journey  to  its 
shores  and  a  plunge  in  its  exhilara- 
ting waters.  The  abundance  of 
game  and  fish  in  all  parts  of  the 
territory;  the  moderate  tempera- 
ture of  the  climate ;  the  reliability 
of  the  elements  which  make  out- 
door excursions  admissable  all 
through  the  summer  and  camping 
out  a  luxury  not  generally  permit- 
ted; the  existence  of  medicinal 
springs;  the  grand  old  mountains 
with  their  canyon  streams,  all  com- 
bine to  make  Utah  a  very  attractive 
quarter  of  the  globe.  Add  to  these 
attractions  those  which  are  found 
in  the  growth  of  cities  and  indus- 
tries; the  facilities  for  traveling, 
and  the  many  events  associated 
with  the  history  of  the  people  who 
pioneered  the  territory,  and  to 
whose  courageous  hearts  and  un- 
tiring efforts  is  maicly  due  the 
present  wide  spread  prosperity  and 
and  the  promises  held  out  by  the 
future,  and  it  will  be  difficult  to  re- 
call a  locality  where  there  are  at- 
tractions, the  extent  and  variety  of 


8 


which,  offer  greater  inducements  to 
tourists.  Person  and  property  are 
as  absolutely  safe  as  anywhere. 
During  th«  principal  portion  of  the 
year  the  climate  is  delightful, 
and  while  it  is  not  as  per- 
fect as  some,  the  dry  pure  air 
is  laden  with  the  germs  of  no 
disease.  The  atmosphere  invigor- 
ates, brightens  and  has  a  salutary 
effect  on  numerous  ailments  com- 
mon to  more  thickly  populated 
localities.  Our  mineral  springs, 
though  they  do  not  enjoy  famous 
reputations,  are  nevertheless  as 
health-giving  as  those  which  have 
attained  world-wide  celebrity.  In 
some  respects  the  springs  of  Utah 
have  material  advantages  over  many 
of  great  note:  while  not  disagree- 
able to  the  taste,  and  affording  relief 
for  many  ailments,  they  also  recom- 
mend themselves  tor  their  refresh- 
ing effect  upon  bathers.  All  attrac- 
tions are  of  easy  access,  even  those 
hidden  in  the  mountain  recesses.  An 
attempt  to  picture  the  evanescent 
beauty  of  the  mountains  in  autumn, 
the  grandeur  of  the  evening  sky  with 
its  manif  oldcloud-towers  of  gorgeous 
hues,  the  effects  of  light  and  shade, 
the  reflections  of  the  sinking  sun 
cast  from  the  tinted  trees  and  shrubs 
on  mountain  and  hill,  serve  only  to 
show  how  limited  are  human  powers 
and  how  painful  is  the  poverty  of 
language  to  express  that  which  the 
eye  beholds  on  all  sides,  and  which 
displays  in  marvelous  wonder  and 
magnificence  the  works  of  the  Great 
Father. 

To  do  justice  to  so  comprehensive 
a  subject  as  this,  and  develop  all 
that  could  be  said  recommending 
Utah  as  a  place  for  permanent 
homes,  would  require  what  might 
be  termed  a  poetical  inventory  of 
the  resources  of  the  territory.  Such 
a  treatment  would  transcend  the 
limits  of  an  essay  and  assume  the  pro- 
portions of  a  volume,  and  yet  con- 
tain nothing  superfluous.  But  from 
what  has  already  been  so  briefly  and 
desultorily  set  forth,  some  idea  of 
the  brilliant  outlook  for  the  future 
may  have  been  obtained.  Within 
the  borders  of  Utah  exist  in  untold 
abundance  resources  which  invite 
the  foundation  of  manifold  indus- 
tries, all  ensuring  wealth  to  judici- 
ous management.  Not  only  do  these 
promise  to  supply  the  demands  that 
may  be  made  upon  them  for  cen- 


turies by  our  own  inhabitants,  but 
they  foreshadow  large  exportations. 
We  have  all  that  our  sister  terri- 
tories have  and  much  that  many  do 
not  possess,  or  possess  in  quan- 
tities that  will  justify  extensive 
utilization.  Being  centrally  lo- 
cated, the  day  will  come  when  ad- 
joining territories  will  purchase 
from  us  that  which  they  are  them- 
selves unable  to  produce  or  manu- 
facture. The  reliable  airricultural 
basis  of  the  territory  ensures  cheap 
food,  and  consequent  reasonable  la- 
bor; and  these,  with  the  fast  in- 
creasing railroad  facilities  now  ex- 
tending in  all  directions,  will  war- 
rant an  encroachment  upon  the 
pursuits  of  those  who  have  hitherto 
compelled  us  to  pay  tribute  for 
labor  which  could  have  been  per- 
formed as  well,  as  readily  and  at 
less  expense,  by  ourselves.  With 
every  extension  and  advance  of 
railroad  facilities  comes  a  saving  to 
the  people,  which  can  be  invested 
in  new  directions  and  assist  in  de- 
YJoping  new  industries. 

As  the  territory  becomes  older; 
as  her  villages  and  cities  enlarge;  as 
her  industries  extend,  and  as  her 
mines  develop  her  attractions  will 
increase.  The  attractions  of  nature, 
so  far  as  we  know*  have  ex- 
isted forever.  But  they  are 
enhanced  by  the  advances  of  civili- 
zation, and  Utah  will  always  re- 
main a  country  whose  attractions 
will  compel  the  presence  of  tourists 
and  those  in  search  of  health. 
While  the  canyons  last,  her  waters 
will  be  cool  and  refreshing;  while 
the  mountains  remain,  her  atmos- 
phere will  be  pure ;  life  will  sparkle 
in  the  stream,  and  health  be  borne 
upon  the  breeze. 

Charitable  institutions  already 
exist  and  are  increasing,  and  means 
for  the  dissemination  of  knowledge 
are  ample.  Schools  are  within  the 
reach  of  all.  Institutions  of  charity 
and  of  learning  keep  pace  with  the 
requirements  of  the  people.  A  spirit 
of  progress  is  abroad.  It  has  a  seat 
in  every  mind,  a  home  in  every 
heart. 

The  idea  of  home  is  that  of  rest. 
Unless  security  of  person  and  prop- 
erty exist;  unless  the  peace  and 
quiet  of  industry  prevail,  there 
never  can  be  felt  the  influence  of 
home.  That  the  people  of  Utah 
are  ind  .istrious  none  will,  none  can 


9 


deny ;  and  when  this  is  admitted  it 
cannet  be  gainsaid  that  they  are 
peaceable,  for  an  industrious  people 
are  always  peaceful ;  that  they  are 
contented,  for  a  peaceful  people  are 
always  contented;  that  they  are 
happy,  for  a  contented  people  are 
always  happy.  If  the  influence  of 
peace  and  the  love  of  home  exist 
anywhere,  they  exist  in  Utah,  and 
in  this  sense,  at  least,  no  place  can 
outrival  Utah  in  the  inducement 
she  offers  for  those  in  search  of  per- 
manent homes.- 

In  the  light  of  all  these  facts  how 
broad  and  promising  are  the  pros- 
pects for  the  future!  Does  it  require 
any  unjustifiable  stretch  of  fancy  to 
urge  the  imagination  forward 


through  a  portion  of  the  coming 
years  and  there  behold  a  territory 
whose  valleys  are  filled  with  fields 
of  golden  grain  ?  "Whose  mountain 
slopes  are  made  green  by  the  en- 
croachments of  the  husbandman  V 
Whose  mines,  developed  with  un- 
erring skill,  yield  honest  returns  for 
honest  labor?  Whose  cities  are 
large  and  beautiful  ?  The  hum  of 
whose  extensive,  varied  and  perma- 
nent industries  may  be  heard 
through  all  the  land  V  Whose  people 
are  industrious,  prosperous,  intelli- 
gent and  contented  ?  While  erer  all 
the  spirit  of  love,  of  kindness  and 
ot  charity  whispers  "on  earth  peace, 
£ood  will  toward  men  V" 


RESOURCES  AND  ATTRACTIONS  OF  UTAH, 


As  Inviting  the  Attention  of  Tourists  and  Those  Seeking 


BY  O.  J.  HOLLISTER. 


GENERAL  VIEW. 
Area,  Topography.— Utah  Ter- 
ritory lies  in  the  latitude  of  Mis- 
souri, about  two-thirds  of  the  way 
from  St.  Louis  to  San  Francisco.  It 
embraces  fifty-four  million  acres 
of  land.  Only  that  which  can  be 
artificially  watered  is  really  arable. 
The  Wasatch  Mountains  intersect  it 
from  north  to  south,  dividing  it  into 
two  substantially  equal  parts.  Of 
the  part  lying  east  of  this  range  and 
drained  by  the  Green  and  "Colorado 
rivers  and  their  tributaries  little 
use  has  yet  been  made.  It  is  moun- 
tainous, its  valleys  are  a  mile  above 
tide-water,  it  has  some  arable  and 
considerable  grazing  land,  with  ex- 
tensive coalfields  lying  along  the 
southern  slope  of  the  Uintah  and 
the  eastern  slope  of  the  Wasatch 
ranges.  The  settlements  are  few 
and  small.  The  Denver  &  Kio 
Grande  Western  is  now  construct- 
ing a  railroad  through  it,  joining 


Colorado  and  Utah,  which  will 
make  it  accessible  and  its  resources 
available. 

2.  Settlements.— The  settled  part 
lies  along  the  western  base  of  the 
Wasatch  Mountains,  between  them 
and  Salt  Lake  and  Lake  Utah,  in 
Cache,  Sanpete  and  a  score  of  val- 
leys; wherever  indeed  a  stream 
flashes  into  the  sunshine  from  the 
gloom  of  mountain  gorge,  is  caught 
and  trailed  in  a  thousand  rills  upon 
the  thirsty  land.  Salt  Lake  Basin 
extends  from  beyond  Nephi  to  Bear 
River  Gates,  two  hundred  miles.  It 
includes  Salt  Lake  and  Utah  Lake, 
has  the  general  altitude  of  the  Alle- 
ghany  Mountains,  and  is  the  para- 
dise of  the  farmer,  the  horticultur- 
ist, and  the  fruit-grower.  Cache 
Valley  lies  to  the  northeast,  San- 
pete Valley  to  the  southeast,  of  Salt 
Lake  Valley.  They  are  noted  grain- 
producing  sections,  but  having 
colder  winters  and  shorter  seasons 
are  not  so  well  adapted  to  fruit- 


10 


growing  as  Salt  Lake  Basin.  The 
Sevier  River  rises  in  Panguitch 
Lake,  far  south,  and  flows  north- 
ward, finally  breaking  out  of  the 
mountains  and  losing  itself  in  the 
sink  of  Sevier  Lake.  Its  upper 
course  is  settled,  wherever  tribu- 
taries enter  from  adjoining  moun- 
tain ranges. 

8.  The  Desert.— The  western  third 
of  Utah  is  mountain,  desert,  sink, 
and  lake,  with  few  oases  of  graz  ng 
or  of  possible  arable  -  land.  In  the 
northern  part  of  the  Territory  the 
Wasatch  is  high  and  massive,  there 
is  great  accumulation  of  snow  in 
winter,  and  the  streams  are  corres- 
pondingly large  and  numerous.  In 
the  southern  part  the  Range  is  lower 
and  less  in  mass,  it  is  warmer  and 
there  is  little  snow,  smaller  and 
fewer  streams,  and  more  desert  in 
proportion.  The  isolated  ranges  in 
the  Great  Basin  give  rise  to  no 
streams  of  importance,  and  the  val- 
leys are  largely  desert.  But  all  the 
mountains  appear  to  be  full  of  min- 
eral ores,  and  there  is  usually  water 
enough  to  mine  and  reduce  them. 

CLIMATE. 

4.  Statistical.  —In  the  lower  val- 
leys the  climate  is  mild  and  salubri- 
ous. The  atmosphere  is  dry,  elastic, 
transparent,  and  bracing.  The  tem- 
perature compares  favorably  in  re- 
spect of  equability  with  that  of  the 
country  at  large,  and  certainly  with 
that  of  adjacent  Territories.  The 
following  table  gives  the  annual  and 
seasonal  mean  temperature;  its 
maximum,  minimum,  and  range; 
the  annual  and  seasonal  rainfall, 
percentage  of  moisture,  and 
number  of  days  on  which  there 
is  precipitation — all  being  the  mean 
of  the  eight  yearsl873— 1880,  obser- 
vations at  United  States  Signal 
Service  Station,  Salt  Lake  City : 


Seasons 

Winter. 
•Spring  ... 
Summer. 
Fall  
Annual... 

Temperature. 

Precip.  ; 

Me'nj  Max.!  Mini  R. 

34.3  i  51.3  i  "5  43.1 
48.4;  75.8  i  25  3!  60.6 
67.4!  95.4  :  48.1!  47,3 
61.2:  74.4  ':  29.0i  45.4 
50.3=  74.2  :  27.6146.6 

Pr  Ct:  In.  JDs 

67.4  :  4^15  1  30 
454  :  674:38 
29.5  :  2.06!12 
4?.2  :  4.00:18 
46.4  16.96:98 

Mean  of  highest  thermometer  for 
eighteen  years,  97.4°;  lowest,  3.8°; 
extremes  104*,— 10°.  Average  daily 
variation  of  temperature,  13°; 
monthly,  46° ;  mean  temperature  of 


four  hottest  months  at  9  o'clock,  p. 
m.,  57° ;  humidity  in  summer,  70  per 
cent,  less  than  saturation ;  precipi- 
tation nearly  one-half  the  average 
east  of  the  One  HundredthMeridian ; 
mean  air  pressure  at  Salt  Lake  City, 
25.63  inches;  water  boils,  204.3; 
average  velocity  of  winds,  5^  miles 
an  hour,  against  eighteen  on  the 
ocean. 

5.  The  Seasons. — The  spring  opans 
in  March,  the  atmosphere  becomes 
clear  as  a  dew  drop,  deciduous  trees 
burst  into  leafy  bloom,  and  the  green 
of  the  valleys  pursues  the  retiring 
snow-line  up  the  mountain  slopes. 
The  summer  is  pleasant  in  its  on- 
set, accompanied  by   fragrant  airs 
and  full  streams.    Springs  of  sweet 
water,  fed  largely  from  the  surface, 
bubble  forth  everywhere.    But  as 
the  season   advances   the  heat  in- 
creases,  the    winds   become    laden 
with   dust,  the  storms  are  dry,  the 
springs  fail  or  become  brackish  from 
concentration  of  their  mineral  salts, 
the  streams  run  low,  and  vegetation 
parches  unless  artifically   watered. 
Still,  from  the  rapid  radiation  at  the 
earth's  surface,  the  nit»hts  are  agree- 
ably cool  and  give  strength  to  meet 
the  heat  of  the   da\s.    In  October 
the  air  clears  up  again  as  in  spring, 
and  the  landscape  softens  with  the 
rich  colors  of  the  dying  vegetation, 
which    reaches    up   the    mountain 
sides  to  their  summits  in  places ;  but 
on  them    the  gorgeous   picture  is 
soon  overlaid  by  the  first  snows  of 
approaching  winter.    The  fall  is  de- 
lightful    and     generally      lingers 
nearly  t«  the  end  of  the  year. 

6.  Sanitary     Advantages. — The 
dry  air  and  slight  rainfall  peculiarly 
adapt  Utah  to  that  out-of-door  liv- 
ing, tramping,  and  camping  which 
so  quickly  renovates  a  broken-down 
nerve  apparatus,  and  through  that 
all  organic   processes.    Pure  water 
and  wholesome  food  are  abundant 
in  all  the  valleys.    One  has  a  choice 
of  altitude  ranging  between  forty- 
three    hundred    and   ten    thousand 
feet  above  the  sea,  access  to  mineral 
springs  with  remedial  qualities  for 
many  ills,  and  in  Salt  Lake  Basin, 
containing  60  per  cent  of  the  popu- 
lation, the  ameliorating  influences 
of     twenty-five     hundred     square 
miles   of  salt  water.     Hardly  any 
form    of  disease  originates  or  pro- 
ceeds to  the  chronic  stage   in  the 
Territory,  and  upon  many  who  come 


11 


here  diseased,  mere  residence  has  a 
very  beneficial  effect. 

AGRICULTURAL. 

7.  Arable     Land. — Nearly     ten 
million  acres  of    public    land  have 
been  survejed   in  Utah.    The  area 
of  arable  l*nd  is  governed  by  the 
amount  of  water  available  for  irri- 
gation.   Calculating  the  duty  of  one 
cubic  foot  prjr  second  at  one   hun- 
dred acres,  the  streams  will   water 
fifteen  hundred  thousand  acres.  The 
land  farmed  without  irrigation  (one 
third)  and    what   may  be  watered 
from  springs  and  wells  would  swell 
this  to  three  million  acres,  of  which 
perhaps  one-tenth  is  under  fence. 

8.  Irrigation—  Generally,     irri- 
gation cannot  be  dispensed  with.  It 
involves  preliminary  outlay  and  the 
labor    of  applying  the    water,    but 
renders  the  cultivator  independent 
of   the     weather    in     seeding    and 
harvesting,  and  enriches  the  soil  by 
the  deposit  of  salts  and  earths  from 
the     irrigating     waters.    Standard 
crops  require  but  two  or  three  w  ater- 
ings.      The    smaller   streams  have 
been    utilized,  but  their  full  capa- 
city, df  veloped  by  good  engineering, 
has  not  been  brought  into  requisi- 
tion. 

9.  Products,  Yield.— All  the  crops 
of  the  latitude  are  grown  ^n  Utah 
with  success.    The  following  table 
is  from  the  census  returns  of  1S80  - 
crop    of   1879— which    was   thirty- 
five  per  cent  below  the  average 


Grain,  bus. 

Acres  la. 

Pr  Acre 

Total   Yield. 

Wheat.... 
Oats  
Barley  
Corn  

72964 
19'439 
11,244 
12,166 
1  143 

16 

21  * 
19  K 
lf£ 

8% 

1,167,968 
417,938 
216535 
164.244 
9719 

Buckwheat 

28 

16 

448 

The  snow  and  rainfall  during  the 
twelve  months  which  made  this 
crop,  namely,  October,  1678, — Sep- 
tember, 1879,  was  35.28  per  cent,  less 
than  the  average  of  the  eight  years 
1873-1880,  and  the  grain  crop  of  that 
year  was  proportionately  less  than 
the  average — precipitation  and  pro- 
duction are  so  intimately  connected. 

Counting  one  hundred  thousand 
acres  in  hay,  fifteen  thousand  in 
miscellaneous  crops,ten  thousand  in 
fruit,  we  have  two  hundred  and 
forty- two  thousand  acres  under  cul- 


tivation.   There      are    nearly    ten 
thousand  farms. 

10.  Unoccupied  Land. — Improved 
land  is  worth  twenty-five  dollars  to 
one  hundred  dollars  an  acre,  accord- 
ing to  location.    Although  one-half 
of  the  arable  land  has  been  entered, 
nine-tenths  of  it  is  yet  unimproved. 
Its  settlement  i^better  undertaken  in 
colonies  than  individually  .Irrigating 
channels  can  usually  be  made  with 
plow  and  scraper,  each  land-owner 
contributing  his  quota  and  having 
perpetual  right  to  his  proportional 
use  of  water  at  the  additional  cost 
for  repairs.    Under  the  desert  land 
law  a  person  is  entitled  to  pre-empt 
six  hundred  and  forty  acres,  pay- 
ing one-fifth  down  and  the  rest  in 
three  years  provided  he  bring  water 
on  the  ground. 

11.  fruit. — The     climate     and 
soil  of  Salt  Lake  Basin  are  peculi- 
arly adapted  to  fruit-growing.    The 
trees   are    vigorous     growers     and 
generous  bearers ;  fruits  large,  fair, 
arid  fine  flavored;  the  crop  remark- 
ably     sure.      The    higher    valleys, 
having   shorter   seasons,    are    less 
tavorable  for  fruit-raising.    In  the 
south,  on  the  Rio  Colorado,  grapes 
do  well  and  wine-making  is  a  grow- 
ing industry.    The  climate  resem- 
bles  that    of   Southern  California, 
where  cotton,  tobacco,  oranges,  and 
semi-tropical    products     generally, 
are  successfully  cultivated.    Apnle 
orchards  bear  one  hundred  bushels 
per  acre;  smaller  fruits  somewhat 
more ;  grapes,  five  tons. 

12.  Timber. — There  is  a  fair  sup- 
ply of  timber  for   ordinary  rough 
use.^  The  valleys  are  bare  of  trees, 
but  the  mountains  are  quite  well- 
wooded.    The   best    trees    produce 
lumber    practically    although     not 
technically    clear.     Red    pine    and 
black  balsam  are  the  most  lasting 
woods.    The  people  cannot  acquire 
title  to   wooded  land,  but  they  me 
the  timber,  paying-  stum  page  under 
certain  circumstances.    Rough  lum- 
ber is  worth  twenty-five  dollars  per 
thousand;    flooring    and     finishing 
lumber  is  imported  and  costs  forty- 
five  dollars. 

13.  Pasture,    Stock.— There    is 
much  land  on  mountain  slopes  and 
river  terraces  which  cannot  be  irri- 
gated and  yet  is  not  cut  off  from 
water.    The  native  bunch  grass  is 
second  in  quality  only  to  the  buffalo 
and  gramma  grasses  'of  the  Plains. 


12 


It  grows  in  the  most  barren  spots, 
cures  standing.retaining its  nutrient 
qualities,  and  has  a  pyriform  seed, 
very  fattening.  In  Salt  Lake  Basin, 
and  southward,  stock  in  general 
winter  without  fodder ;  in  the  more 
elevated  valleys  north  they  require 
food  and  shelter,  and  the  stock-raiser 
does  well  who  provides  these  against 
emergencies  anywhere.  Ordinarily 
a  iive-y ear-old  steer,  worth  twenty- 
rive  dollars,  is  produced  at  a  cost  of 
five  dollars.  The  yearly  drive  out- 
ward is  estimated  at  forty  thousand 
head,  worth  six  hundred  thousand 
dollars.  By  cultivating  lucerne, 
practicing  ensilage,  and  pushing 
things,  this  out-turn  might  soon  be 
increased  ten-fold  The  strain  of 
blood  in  cattle,  horses,  and  sheep 
has  been  greatly  improved  in  recent 
years. 

14.  Sheep,      Wool. — There      are 
probably  six  hundred  and  seventy- 
live  thousand  sheep  in  Utah,  shear- 
ing two    million     seven    hundred 
thousand   pounds  of  wool,  part  of 
which  ranges  with    the  best  Cali- 
fornia wool;  part  is  inferior.    One- 
fourth  of  it  is  manufactured  in  the 
Territory.    It  realizes   to  the  pro- 
ducer   about  twenty  cents.    Sheep 
are  worth  two-and-a-half  dollars,  as 
they  run,  require  no  feed  or  shelter 
in  winter,  are  not  liable  to  disease, 
and  yield  an  annual  profit  of  40  per 
cent  on  cost.    Many  are  driven  in, 
and  out,  yearly. 

15.  Conclusion  —  Agriculture   is 
in  a  comparatively  primitive  state 
in  Utah.     Wheat,   flour,  potatoes, 
eggs,  butter,  chickens,  seeds,  dried 
fruit,  beef  and  mutton  on  foot,  and 
wool,  are  exported,  but  their  vaflue  is 
counterbalanced     by     nearly     ten 
thousand  tons  of  corn,  oats,  beans, 
cheese,   hams,   bacon,   lard,    sugar, 
syrup,  currants,raisins,  wine,  starch, 
crackers,  mustard,  tobacco,  canned 
meats,  fruits  and  pickles  yearly  im- 
ported, hardly  one  of  which  need  be. 
This  indicates  the  scope  Utah  farm- 
ing offers  to  capital,  enterprise,  and 
skill.    There  is  enough    water  and 
rich  land,  the  home  demand  is  great 
and   prices   stiff  enough   to  make 
agriculture,  instead  of  mining,  the 
prime  industry.    It  should  not  need 
to  bring  food  for  man  or  beast  to 
Utah. 

MINING. 

16.  Product,  Area— Mining  began 
in  Utah  in  1870.    The  out-put  has 


been  fifty-six  million  dollars,  lead 
silver,  and  gold.  Ttie  yearly  pro- 
duct averages  six  million  dollars, 
The  mining  area  is  co-exten- 
sive with  the  mountains.  Mines 
have  been  found  in  every  county. 
There  are  eighty  mining  districts, 
embracing  five  million  acres,  Many 
are  now  abandoned,  but  with  better, 
facilities  of  intercommunication 
and  more  experience  in  reducing 
ores,  they  will  be  revisited  and 
work  resumed,  not  again  to  cease. 

17.  Productive    Districts—These 
are  popularly  known  as  Park  City, 
the    Cotton  woods,   American  Fork, 
Stockton,  Bingham,  Tintic,  Frisco, 
and  Silver  Reef.    The  great  mine  at 
Park  City  is  the  Ontario,  in  quartz- 
ite;  pay  four  feet  thick  by  twelve 
hundred     feet   long,    ore    milling 
one  hundred    dollars  a   ton;  finely 
equipped  and  dead  work  kept  well 
ahead ;  product  to  date,  ninety-two 
hundred    thousand    dollars;     divi- 
dends  paid,    thirty-seven  hundred 
thousand  dollars;  no   signs   of  ex- 
haustion ;  lowest  (6oO-foot)  level  the 
best.      The    Marsac    Company  has 
mines,  a  mill  and  smelter  here ;  the 
McHenry    Company    a    mine    and 
mill;  there  is  a  great  mine  in  Pinyon 
Ilill,  and   many   other  prospective 
mines,   eight   of  which   are  being 
opened  and  employ  steam  machin- 
ery. 

18.  The  Cottonwoods,   Bingham, 
Sandy,  Tintic.— The    mines  of  the 
Cotton  woods.of  BinghamCanyonand 
Stockton,   all   accessible  from  Salt 
Lake  City  by  rail  and  semicircling  the 
city  within  thirty  miles,  ship  their 
ores  to  Sandy  and  lose  their  indi- 
vidual out-put  in  that  of  the  smel- 
ters— all    but    the     Stewart,     the 
Jordan,    and    Stewart     No.    2    at 
Bingham,    which    have    mills   and 
vast     bodies    of     ten-dollar     gold 
quartz.      At    Sandy    and    vicinity 
are  the  Mingo,  Germania,  and  Han- 
auer  smelters,  the  ,  Germania  refin- 
ing lead  also,  whose  united  monthly 
product  averages  sbout  eight  hun- 
dred tons  of  base  bullion,  worth  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  thousand 
dollars.    At  Tintic,  the  Mammoth, 
a   vein  forty    feet   thick  breaking 
through   the   limestone   across   its 
bedding  and  producing  one-hundred 
thousand  dollars  per  annum,  is  the 
leading  mine.    The  Tintic  Mining 
&  Milling   Company    is  a    steady 
bullion  producer.    The  Eureka  Hill 


18 


mine  ships  its  ores  to  Sandy. 

19.  Frisco,     Silver      Reef.— At 
Frisco,  the  Horn  silver,  after  much 
preparatory    work,  including  erec- 
tion  of   steam  hoisting  works,  ex- 
tension of  Utah  Central  Railway  to 
mine,    and  building  five   stacks  at 
Francklyn,  near  Salt  Lake,  is  ready, 
to  begin  paying  a  long  series  of  divi- 
dends.   The  pay  chimney  is  fifty- 
feet  wide   by    one   hundred    yards 
long ;  the  capacity  of  the  mine  and 
furnaces  is  at  least  a  quarter  of  a 
million   per   month.      The    Frisco 
Company  has  one  stack  here   and 
the  Cave  and  Carbonate  mines.    It 
turns  out  about  twenty-five  thous- 
and  dollars    monthly.      At  Silver 
Reef,  the  Christy,  Stormont,  Leeds, 
and  Barl.ee  &   Walker   companies 
produce  together  a  million  in  tine- 
bullion  annually.    A  mill  has  just 
started  near  Ogden,  and  one  is  being 
erected   at    Marysvale.    From   the 
long  continued  development  of  cer- 
tain  mines,   the   building  of  new 
mills  and  reduction  works,  and  the 
extension    of  railroads,    there  is  a 
certainty  of  a  large  increase  in  the 
mineral  out-put  of  Utah  in  the  near 
future. 

COAL,  IRON,  OTHER  MINERALS. 

20.  Coal,  Iron.— The  great   coal- 
field  of   Utah   is   in  the  Wasatch 
Range,    acd  high  up  on  its  eastern 
acclivity.    *It   extends   nearly    the 
length  of  the  Territory.    There  are 
thousands  of  square  miles — plenty 
for  age,s.    It  is  a   lignite,   like  the 
other  Western  coals,  and  like  them 
will   no    doubt    make   fair    cpke. 
Save -the  spathic.all  the  ores  of  iron 
occur   in    Utah    everywhere,     the 
heaviest  and  richest  deposits  in  Iron 
County.    Hematites  and  magnetites 
crp'p  out  there  in  a  belt  t\yo  miles 
wide    and   sixteen    long   in   great 
masses.    One  called  "The  Blowout" 
contains  three  million  tons  standing. 
Professor  ^tewberry,  after  analyz- 
ing, says  many  of  these  deposits  are 
first-class    Bessemer   ores.     Water 
and  coal  are  plenty  and  convenient, 
and  wood  for  charcoal.    Important 
iron   deposits   occur   at   Tintic,  in 
Cache   Valley,  about  Ogden,  and  in 
other  localities. 

21.  Other  Minerals.— The   entire 
basin  of  Utah  has  been  a  laboratory 
where   the    primitive   processes  of 
nature  were  long  active.    Amongst 
the  results,  aside  from   silver,  gold, 


lead,  iron,  and  coal,  are  sulphur, 
gypsum,  red  and  yellow  ochres,  salt, 
mineral  wax,  soluble  salts,  man- 
ganese, antimony,  bismuth,  copper, 
zinc,  arsenic,  cobalt,  cinnebar,  mica, 
molybdenum,  brick  and  fire  days, 
fatty,  potter's,  and  porcelain  days, 
and  firestone.  Granites,  sandstones, 
and  limestones  for  building,  occur 
in  profusion,  and  marble  in  great 
variety,  some  kinds  taking  a  high 
polish.  Antelope  Island  affords 
fine  beds  of  green  and  royal  purple 
slate  of  good  quality.  Volcanic  pro- 
ducts, and  fossils  of  all  the  forma- 
tions abound. 

MANUFACTURES. 

22.  Product.— The  manufactures 
of  Utah  have  grown  from  $:iOO,000 
in  value    in    1850,   to  $5,000,000,  in 
1880.    The   chief   items   are   flour, 
rough  and  finished  lumber,  leather, 
boots  and  shoes,  harness  and  sad- 
dlery,  woolen     fabrics,   yarn   and 
hosiery,  charcoal,  brick,  lime,  beer. 
There   are   a   hundred  flour  mills, 
more      saw     mills,    twenty     tan- 
neries,   twenty    boot   and       shoe 
factories,        woolen      mills     with 
five  thousand  spindles,  ten  furniture 
factories,  two  foundries.  The  manu- 
facture of   bullion  from   ores,  em- 
ploying    one   hundred     and    fifty 
stamps   and    a   score   of  smelting 
stacks,   doubles  the   above    value, 
making  it  ten  millions  easy. 

23.  Opportunities,  Iron. — It    is 
believed   that    Utah     affords    un- 
equaled  facilities  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  iron.  The  materials  abound, 
labor  and  supplies  are  cheap,  there 
is  an  ample  market-—the  entire  Pa- 
cific Coast — and  .it  is   far   enough 
from     iron-making     Europe    and 
America  to  preclude  their  moving 
their  product  here   and   selling  it 
cheaper  than  it  can   be    produced 
here.    The  works  should  be  calcu- 
lated to    reduce   the   ores   and   to 
manufacture  all  kinds  of  iron  and 
steel. 

24.  Metallurgical    Works.— Prob- 
ably four-fifths   of  the  ores  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  are  neglected  for 
want  of  proper  metallurgical  works 
in  this  valley,  equal  in  capacity  and 
appliances  to  treating  them. With  an 
establishment  possessing  the  means 
and  skill  to  separate  all  the  metals 
from  their  gangues,  however   com- 
bined   therewith,   an    incalculable 
stimulus  would  be  given  to  mining, 


14 


which  in  turn  would  deluge  the  re- 
ducing works  with  various  and  rich 
ores.  The  manufacture  of  drugs 
and  chemicals,  of  oils,  paints,  pig 
and  sheet  lead,  shot  and  lead  pipe, 
wouH  naturally  grow  out  of  such 
works. 

25.  Other  Manufactures. — Three- 
fourths  of  our  wool-clip  goes  East  to 
be  manufactured  and  then  returned 
to  u,s,  while  the  mills  work  on  half- 
time,  because   the    business   lacks 
capital,  classifying   or  specializing. 
The     best    woods     for   furniture, 
wagons,   and     agricultural    imple- 
ments are  not  native.    Nor  are  the 
tan  barks,  but  we    shall  soon  tan 
leather  without  barks.    With  cost 
of   moving  raw  material  East  and 
product   back  as  a  protection,  lead 
and  its  products,  and  all  woolen  and 
leathern    fabrics  needed  by  Utah, 
might  be  profitably  made  here.  The 
products  of   our  line  clays,  marble 
and  slate  beds,  have  the  cost  of  one 
carriage  across  the  continent  as  pro- 
tective tariff.    There   is  one    paper 
mill  in  operation,  there  should  be 
ten.    Mulberry  trees  and  silkworms 
do  well  in  Utah,  and  silk  spinning 
and  weaving    machinery  is  being 
introduced.        These      and      other 
branches  of  manufacture  offer  lib- 
eral inducements  to  the  enterpris- 
ing investor. 

RAILROADS  AND  TRANSPORTATION. 

26.  Railroad  System.— Utah  has 
seven  hundred  and    fifty   inil^s    of 
railroad  in  operation,  four  hundred 
and  fifty  in  process  of  construction, 
and  as  much  more  projected,  dupli- 
cating the  excellent  system  of  Terri- 
torial and  county  roads,  three  thou- 
sand   miles    in   length.     Generally 
speaking,  the  railroad  system  con- 
sists   of    a  north-and-south   trunk 
line,  three   main    transverse   lines, 
and  branches  into  the  mining  can- 
yons   and  coal   fields.    The   Union 
and  Central  Pacific  roads,  meeting 
at   Ogden,  giving    Utah  important 
advantages  from   the   competition 
between   East    and   West,   stretch 
across  the  northern  part  of  the  Ter- 
ritory.   The  Utah  &  Northern,  be- 
longing to  the  Union  Pacific,  runs 
northward   from     Ogden    through 
Cache  Valley,  eighty  miles  in  Utah,- 
and  into  the  heart  of   Montana,  in- 
tersecting the  Northern  Pacific  en 
route.    The  UtahCentral,  controlled 
by  the  Union.  Pacific,  runs    south 


from  Ogden  through  Salt  Lake  City 
to  Milford,  two  hundred  and  sixty- 
five  miles,  with  connecting  roads  to 
Bingham,  Alta,  Pleasant  Valley. 
and  a  branch  to  Frisco.  The  road 
to  Pleasant  Valley  belongs  to  the 
Rio  Grande.  The  Utah  &  Nevada 
iruns  from  Salt  Lake  City  westward 
via  the  Lake  shore  to  Stockton,  and 
belongs  to  the  Union  Pacific.  A 
branch  from  the  Union  Pacific  at 
Echo  runs  to  Park  City.  The  Utah 
Eastern  parallels  the  latter  from 
Coatvilleto  Park  City. 

27.  Roads  Building.— The   Den- 
ver &  Rio  Grande  Western  is   ex- 
tending the    Pleasant  Valley  road 
via  Salt  Lake  City  to    Ogden,  and 
eastward  to  Grand  River,  to  meet 
the  Rio  Grande  building  westward. 
Same   company    is    building   from 
Salt  Lake  City  to  Park  City  to  con- 
nect with  the  Utah  Eastern.    The 
Sanpete  Valley  road  will  soon  be 
completed  from  NephJ  to  the  Wales 
coal  mines.    The  Utah  Central  will 
be  extended    to  Iron  Springs  in  the 
near  future,  connecting  there  with 
the    California     Central,    running 
(when  built)  direct  to  San  Francisco, 
and  also  to  the  Rio  Colorado  to  meet 
the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  from  Albu- 
querque, and  the  Texas  Pacific  from 
El  Paso.       The  Union    Pacific   is 
building  the  Salt  Lake  &   Western 
from  Lehi  southwestward  through 
Tintic.to  connect  with  the  California 
Central  on  the  California  State  line. 
Other  very  important  roads  in  and 
through  Utah  have  been  determined 
upon    by     powerful     corporations. 
When    they    are    completed,  every 
part  of  Utah  will  be  easily  acces- 
sible, and  we  shall  have  choice  of 
competing  lines  East  and  West. 

TRADE  AND  COMMERCE. 

28.  Business   Statistics.— Before 
the  completion  of  the  overland  rail- 
road, the  imports  aM   exports    of 
Utah  did  not  exceed  twelve  thou- 
sand tons  per  annum.     Since  that, 
they  have  averaged  nearly   twelve 
times  as  much ;  two-thirls  imports, 
one-half  incidental  to  mining.     The 
value  of  the  yearly  imports  and  ex- 
ports is  not  far  from  sixteen  million 
dollars.    Jobbers  and  retailers  do  a 
yearly  business  of  ten  million  dol- 
lars.   Perhaps    three    and  one-half 
millions  are  engaged  in  trade ;  most 
of  it  is  done  by  a  few  houses.    The 
heaviest  is  Zion's  Co  operative  Her- 


15 


cantile  Institution,  of  Salt  Lake 
City,  which,  with  its  brandies  at 
Ogden  and  Logan,  imports  one  third 
of  all  the  merchandise  used  in  the 
Territory.  It  has  eight  hundred 
stockho  ders,  and  a  cash  capital  of 
seven  hundred  "and  fifty  thousand 
dollars.  There  is  a  co-operative  in- 
stitution in  nearly  every  settlement, 
buying  of  the  big  institution  at  Salt 
Lake  City,  and  selling  to  it  the 
country  produce  they  take  in  for 
goods,  but  they  are  not  branches. 
They  have'  thousands  of  stock- 
holders, and  most  of  the  people 
patronize  them.  .Fifty  insurance 
companies  carry  four  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars  insurance  on  buildings, 
and  perhaps  fifteen  hundred  thou- 
sand on  merchandise  in  stock,  re- 
presen  ing,  it  is  estimated,  three- 
fourths  of  its  average  value.  There 
are  one  national  and  ten  private 
banks,  with  an  aggregate*  capital  of 
eight  hundred  thousand  dollars; 
average  deposits,  two  millions; 
average  loans,  fifteen  hundred  thou- 
sand, drawing  twenty-five  millions 
exchange  yearly. 

29.  Revenue,   Taxes. — There    are 
no  debts  on  accouni  of  railroad  con- 
struction.   The  revenue  law  is  lib- 
eral.   Bates  of   taxation    are  three 
mills  for  Territorial,  and   three  for 
school  purposes ;  counties  may  levy 
in  their  discretion   not    more  than 
six ;    towns  are  restricted  to  five  for 
ordinary  expenses,  five  for  opening, 
improving,  and   keeping   in    repair 
the  streets;  while  they  are  all  em- 
powered to  tax  in  their  discretion  to 
provide    water    and    water    works. 
Real  estate  is  directly  taxed  upon 
assessment    of   value.     Mines    are 
exempt,  but  improvements  on  mines 
are  not.  Personal  property,  although 
owned  by  non-residents,  is  taxed  if 
within  the   Territory.    From    tax- 
able credits,  debts  are  allowed  to  be 
deducted.    Stocks  of  incorporations 
whose     property   is    taxable,     are 
exempt.   Taxable  property,  twenty- 
five  millions.    In  no  other  State  or 
Territory   are  the   taxes   so    mod- 
erate. 

30.  Advantages. — The  location  of 
Utah  must  always  give  it  important 
advantages.  It  is  in  the  heart  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  moderate  in  alti- 
tude, with  a  fine  climate,  rich,  well- 
watered    valleys,     mineral    ranges 
wooded  and  affording  limitless  pas- 
turage and  water  power,   sustain- 


ing a  mixed  industry,  traversed  by 
the  natural  routes  of  trade  and 
travel,  rapidly  tilling  with  people. 
As  the  channels  of  intercourse  be- 
tween the  surrounding  young  com- 
monwealths necessarily  stretch 
across  Utah,  the  tide  of  popu'ation 
and  business  prosperity,  rising  in 
these,  must  correspondingly  rise  in 
our  Territory  like  water  seeking  its 
level.  Yearly  our  people  more  and 
more  engage  in  mining,  smelting, 
lumbering,  stock  raising,  speculat- 
ing, whatnot,  beyond  the  Territorial 
limits.  Yearly  our  trade,  drawn  by 
ever-extending  railroads,  finds  new 
channels,  broadening  and  expanding 
on  every  hand  the  theater  of  its 
operations  and  influence.  Commer- 
cial pre-eminence  among  the  future 
great  mountain  States  is  easily 
within  the  grasp  of  Utah's  business 
men. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

31.  School  System. — An    annual 
Territorial  tax  of  three  mills  is  levied 
for  ordinary   school    purposes,  and 
the  school  district  trustees  may  levy 
such  a  tax,  not   exceeding   thirty 
mills  per  annum,  as  may  be  thought 
necessary  for  school  purposes,  if  ap- 
proved by  two-thirds  of  the  voters 
of  the  district  at  a  meeting  called 
for  the    purpose.    There    are    near 
three    hundred    arid    fifty    district 
schools;   nominal  value    of   school 
proper i y,   four    hundred   thousand 
dollars;    children  between    six  and 
sixteen,   thirty-five    thousand ;  en- 
rollment, sixty-five  per    cent.;    at- 
tendance, foriy  per  cent.;  two  terms 
of  twelve  weeks  each    year,  one  of 
them  paid  for  by  tuition  fees,  which 
average  four  dollars  a  term. 

32.  Other     Schools,    Churches. — 
These  comprise  the  Deseret  Univer- 
sity,   Brigliam     Toung     Academy, 
about  thirty  private  and  forty  mis- 
sion schools,  with  five  thousand  en- 
rolled pupils,  one  hundred  thousand 
dollars'  worth  of   school  property, 
and     paying   salaries    aggregating 
sixty  thousand  dollars  a  year.    Tui- 
tion in  the  mission  schools  is  eight 
dollars  a   term.    They  are  graded, 
and  really  primary  schools,  although 
the  teachers  rank  with  high-school 
teachers.    The  Deseret  University, 
Brigham     Young     Academy,   and 
about  six  of  the  mission  schools  may 
be  called  high  schools.  Utah  affords 
the  ordinary  religious   and    educa- 
tional facilities  of  the  Territories. 


16 


Oue  has  choice  of  Protestant  ser- 
vices in  the  principal  towns  of  nor- 
thern Utah.  The  Mormons,  who 
constitute  four-fifths  of  the  popula- 
tion, have  nearly  two  hundred  build- 
ings for  public  worship,  exclusive  of 
the  Great  Tabernacle  at  Salt  Lake 
City,  the  temple  at  St.  George,  and 
the  temples  building  at  Manti,  Salt 
Lake  City  and  Logan.  Their  ordi- 
nary churches  are  plain,  but  no  ex- 
pense is  spared  on  the  temples. 

ATTRACTIONS. 

33.  Salt  Lake  City—  Of  pleasure 
resorts  in  Utah  Salt  Lake  City  ranks 
first.    Enjoying  a  delightful  climate 
and  goo  "I  markets,  amply  laid  out, 
embowered  in  trees,  it  is  connected 
by  rail  with  every  point  of  interest 
in  the  Territory.    There  are  warm 
medicinal  springs  in  the  suburbs. 
Prom  Fort  Douglas,  perched  like  a 
white  bird  on  the  plateau    above, 
the  Jordan    Valley,   the    city,  and 
Salt  Lake  lie  spread  out  under  the 
eye,    a   pretty    picture.    From  the 
city  the  Wasatch  Kange  presents  a 
mountain     view     of    unsurpassed 
interest. 

34.  Salt    Lake. — The    American 
Dead  Sea  is  reached  by  rail  from  the 
city  in  forty  minutes.    Containing 
some  twenty  pe^  cent,  of  solid  mat- 
ter,   chiefly  "salt,    with   no    outlet, 
studaed    with    mountain     islands, 
destitute  of  life,  having  a  rise  and 
i'all  resembling  a  tide  whose  period 
is  an  unascertained  series  of  years, 
it  is  a  great  novelty.    The  southern 
shore  affords  fine  bathing.    In  July 
and  August  it  is  deliciously  warm, 
its  density  sustains  the  swimmer,- 
the   exercise,  the   stimulus  of  the 
brine,  the  f resdoin  from  danger,  the 
crowds,  all  combine  to  make  it  ex- 
ceedingly pleasant  and  beneficial. 

35.  Medicinal  Springs,  Canyons. 
—Utah  abounds  in  mineral  springs. 
The    Warm    Springs    at  Salt  Lake 
City,  the  Red  Springs  near  Ogden, 
Soda  Springs  (in  Idaho)  have  been 
improved,   and   are  frequented  by 
many  with  great  benefit.    All  the 


larger  streams  have  their  Alpine 
valleys  in  the  Wasatch  and  their 
canyons  where  they  break  out.  To 
enjoy  these  one  must  have  a 
camp  outfit,  his  own  conveyance 
and  time,  saddle  .horses,  v hunting 
and  fishing  tackle,  all  the  para- 
phernalia of  the  tourist  and 
sportsman.  To  such  there  is  small 
use  iu  pointing  out  attractive  local- 
ities, since  the  Range  is  full  of  them. 
From  the  lakes  of  Big  Cottonwood 
short  excursions  may  take  in  Par- 
ley's Park,  Park  City,  Alta,  and 
mountain  heights  which  command 
magnificent  views.  The  succession 
of  wild  gorge  and  wooded  vale  make 
American  Fork  Canyon  exceed- 
ingly attractive.  Utah  County  has 
a  fine  sheet  of  sweet  water  with 
grassy  borders  and  full  of  trout. 
One  passes  hence  up  the  Sevier  to 
Panguitch  Lake,  two  miles  above 
sea,  a  noted  summer  resort.  Be- 
yond is  the  Rio  Colorado  Plateau 
burrowed  deep  by  streams  from  far 
off  mountains,  a"  dreary,  ill-looking 
country  but  not  without  grandeur. 
36. — Summing  up. — The  physical 
features  of  Utah,  mountain,  desert, 
and  salt  sea,  are  peculiar  and  of 
perennial  interest.  The  Territory 
has, the  resources  of  an  empire.  Its  • 
climate  is  pleasant  and  healthful. 
The  main  routes  of  inland  com- 
merce traverse  it.  Its  valleys  are 
!  fertile,  its  mountains  full  of  mineral 
!  ores.  Its  farms  and  mines  are  con- 
I  tiguous.  Every  stream  makes  a 
j  way  for  a  railroad.  Labor  and  food 
I  are  cheap.  No  better  mines  or 
facilities  for  working  them  are 
known  anywhere,  no  better  market 
for  the  farmer.  There  is  .unlimited 
water-power,  and  a  fine  field  for 
manufacturing.  Timber,  coal,  iron 
and  building  stone  are  plenty.  One 
hundred  and  lii'ty  thousand  hardy 
and  industrious  people  are  on  the 
ground.  No  State  or  Territory  of- 
fers greater  inducements  to  the  en- 
terprising capitalist,  artisan,  laborer 
or  farmer. 


RESOURCES  AND-  ATTRACTIONS  OF  UTAH, 


As  Inviting  the  Attention  of   Tourists  and  Those  Seeking 
Permanent  Homes, 


BY  S.  A.  KENNEK. 


Those  commonwealths  are  most 
lasting  which  are  built  up  slowly, 
steadily,  and  on  a  sure  foundation. 
Exotic  growths  are  ever  ephemeral 
and  unstable.  The  history  of  the 
world  is  prolific  of  instances  show- 
ing that  governments  which  have 
risen  in  a  day  have  fallen  in  a  night, 
while  those  whose  periods  of  exis- 
tence cover  a  multitude  of  success- 
ive generations,  have  had  small  be- 
ginnings, difficult  progress,  and  ad- 
verse circumstances  thronging  their 
career  from  the  sum  ise  to  the  noon- 
day of  their  histories;  and  when 
they  reached  the  pinnacle  of  their 
power  and  began  the  descent  of  the 
declivity  leading  to  decay,  dissolu- 
tion did  not  come  at  once ;  but  like 
man,  in  the  fulness  of  his  manhood 
they  proceeded  upon  the  downward 
road  with  measured  tread  and  mod- 
erate pace  by  reason  of  the  very 
strength  which  brought  them  to  it. 

The  Territory  of  Utah  has  exhibi- 
ted in  all  the  stages  of  its  existence 
the  elements  of  an  inland  empire, 
whose  greatness  though  constantly 
expanding,  still  remained  in  the 
future,  its  achievements  in  the 
direction  of  insular  importance  are 
largely  exceeded  by  its  probabilities, 
and  these  are  dwarfed  into  insignifi- 
cance by  its  possibilities;  Its  growth 
so  far  from  depleting  its  resources 
or  diminishing  its  strength  does  but 
add  to  its  power  and  its  greatness. 
Originally  one  of  the  most  uninvit- 
ing of  all  the  barren  spots  upon  the 
face  of  nature,  with  nothing  but  the 
superficial  area  and  the  great  diver- 


sity in  the  character  of  its  waters  to 
excite  even  attention ;  now  as  fair  a 
vision,  as  fruitful  a  field  and  as 
busy  a  common-wealth  as  any 
within  the  confines  of  our  Nation — a 
land  teeming  with  the  wealth  of 
mines  and  mills,  of  fields  and  factor- 
ies, of  gardens  and  granaries,  of  in- 
dustries and  enterprises,  and  still 
comparatively  undeveloped,  still 
containing  beneath  the  surface  of 
its  soil,  resources  whi,>h  are  destined 
to  enrich  and  happify  millions  yet 
unborn. 

A  perusal  of  the  history  and  sta- 
tistics of  Utah,  is  the  best  basis 
upon  which  to  erect  a  conclusion  as 
to  what  it  will  be  hereafter.  Orig- 
inally, the  least  attractive  of  all  the 
commonwealths ;  with  a  soil  produc- 
ing nothing  that  could  be  reduced 
to  use  by  those  who  first  settled 
upon  it;  with  rainfalls  so  unfre- 
quent  that  they  v  ere  not  to  be  con- 
sidered ip  connection  with  means  of 
cultivation ;  with  extremes  of  tem- 
perature ;  with  no  foliage  save  that 
which  appeared  here  and  there  in 
the  narrow  rock-ribbed  gorges  of  the 
Wasatch  mountains;  with  fuel  at 
great  distances  from  places  where 
habitation  was  possible,  and  a 
points  all  but  inaccessible ;  with  no 
nearer  supply  points  than  the  scat- 
tered fragments  of  civilization  on 
the  Pacific  coast,  and  with  com- 
munication from  all  sources  practi- 
cally cut  off  with  all  these  inhos- 
pitable and  forbidding  conditions 
composing  the  nucleus  of  the  Utah 
to-day,  who  will  venture  to  deny 


18 


that  within  the  borders  of  our  Terri- 
tory exist  those  elements  of  power 
and  prosperity  which  improved 
make  nations  grand  and  nations'  off- 
spring great? 

Month  succeeds  month  and  year 
follows  year,  until  we  find  ourselves 
to-day,  thirty-five  years  after  the 
vanguard  of  civilization  entered  the 
Great  Basin,  in  the  enjoyment  of 
all  the  developments  of  modern 
civilization.  The  magic  wand  of 
progress  has  touched  these  once  bar- 
ren and  desolate  fastnesses,  and  we 
behold  in  lieu  of  the  dreary  and 
monotonous  wastes,  fruitful  fields, 
smiling  gardens,  and  happy  homes. 
All  of  the  country  that  meets  our 
view  wherever  we  turn  our  eyes  has 
been  metamorphosed  as  with  the 
magic  wand  of  the  enchanter.  We 
no  longer  see  arid  and  unproductive 
stretches  of  land  vast  in  extent, 
domiciles  incapable  of  excluding  the 
elements,  or  people  habited  in  the 
rude  garb  enforced  upon  them  by 
exclusion  from  society;  we  see  in- 
stead fruitful  farms  teeming  with 
the  products  which  at  once  give  life 
to  man  and  to  commerce;  as  com- 
fortable, commodious  and  tyappy 
homes  as  can  be  found  in  any  part 
of  the  globe,  and  a  people  inhaling 
with  every  breath  that  pure  air  of 
freedom  and  independence  that 
grows  and  flourishes  in  the  moun- 
tain tops,  within  whose  changeless 
presence  we  may  behold  the  nucleus 
of  nations  yet  to  come,  of  perma- 
nence and  strength  to  our  owrt.the 
greatest  and  grandest  of  them  all. 

Progress  has  waved  its  magic 
sceptre  over  tY\e  T.-rritory  of  Utah 
and  we  no  longer  behold  the  rude 
huts  of  the  savages,  the  monotonous 
array  of  barren  vegetation  or  arid 
stretches  of  soil  unfurrowed  by  the 
handiwork  of  the  husbandman  ;  we 
see  in  their  stead  the  all-powerful 
sway  of  the  genius  of  civilization. 
We  turn  to  the  east,  the  west,  the 
north  or  the  south,  and  as  faras  the 
eye  can  reach  it  rests  upon  scenes  of 
domestic)  tranquil ity  firmly  planted 
upon  the  soil  which  then  knew  no 
restraint  and  no  cultivation.  We 
see  a  hundred  happy  and  prosper- 
ous communities,  some  of  them 
amounting  to  the  dignity  of  cities, 
where  the  arts?  the  sciences  and  the 
industries  flourish ;  tlxe  sound  of  the 
church-going  bell  has  supplanted 
the  blood-curdling  war-whoop  of 


the  savage ;  the  bison  and  the  wolf 
have  given  way  to  the  horse  and  the 
ox  ;the lightning  wires  penetrating 
to  every  nook  and  corner  of  the  Ter- 
ritory have  surperseded  the  signal 
fires  of  'he  aborigines;  and  the  irtm 
bands  linking  point  to  point,  stretch 
out  in  all  directions  and  unite  us  in 
bonds  as  strong  as  the  metal  of 
which  they  are  com  posed  with  every 
part  of  the  continent. 

This  is  the  Utah  of  to-day,  carved 
out  of  mateiial  than  v/hich  none 
were  ever  more  rebellious  or  un- 
yielding. The  brunt  of  the  con- 
net  has  been  borne,  the  struggle 
with  unwilling  elements  is  mainly 
in  the  past,  and  with  the  present  so 
productive  and  the  future  so  prom- 
ising, we  contemplate  the  Utah  of 
the  future  wijth  confidence  and 
pride. 

History  is  barren  of  incidents  in 
which  greater  strides  have  been 
made  by  the  same  number  of  peo- 
ple within  a  corresponding  time 
and  with  as  stubborn  conditions  to 
contend  with.  Once  we  were  sup 
posed  to  be  destitute  of  geological 
resources;  now  we  occupy  a  front 
rank  among  the  wealth  producing 
mineral  regions.  The  mines  of  Utah 
are  now  so  extensive  as  to  defy 
enumeration  in  as  brief  an  essay 
as  this,  and  their  wealth  is  no 
longer  a  tale  to  captivate  the  ear  of 
the  drifting  adventurer  or  the  grasp- 
ing speculator,  but  a  solid  tangible 
reality,  and  the  best  is  not  yet. 
Within  the  gorges  and  crevices  of 
the  everlasting  'hills  in  whose 
shadows  we  live  are  perhaps  greater 
and  more  numerous  abodes  of 
wealth  than  have  ever  yet  disgorged 
their  treasures  unto  the  gaze  of  man, 
awaiting  the  incursive  pick  of  the 
miner  backed  by  the  substantial 
aid  of  the  capitalist,  they  repose 
within  the  bosom  of  the  earth,  each 
succeeding  day  drawing  us  nearer 
and  nearer  to  the  time  when  they 
will  emerge  into  the  sunlight  and 
add  to  the  substantial  wealth  of  our 
Territory.  The  output  of  bullion,  as 
shown  by  actual  statistics,  increases 
continually;  new  discoveries  are  a 
daily  occurence ;  and  the  more  the 
caverns  of  the  earth  are  drawn  upon 
for  their  stores  of  mineral  wealth, 
the  more  productive  and  prolific 
they  seem  to  be.  From  a  section 
holding  no  place  whatever  among 
the  auriferous  and  argentiferous 


19 


portions  of  the  country,  we  have 
stepped  into  the  front  rank,  and  our 
march  is  still  onward. 

It  was  originally  thought  that  the    | 
soil  of  Utah  was  incapable  of  pro-    j 
ducing  either  cereals  or  fruits   in    I 
such  quantity  and  of  such  quality    | 
as  would  afford  support  even  to  the 
pioneers;  but  how  far  this  idea  fell 
short  of  the    actual  situation,  the 
state  of  affairs  the  first  and  every 
year   after  that  time    bears   unim- 
peachable witness  to.    From  plains 
supposed  to   be    barren,  bounteous 
harvests  are  reaped  at  each  recurr- 
ing season,  and  the  greater  the  yield 
the  more    promising    the.     source 
whence  it   comes.    In  a  word,  we 
have  sprung  from  the  lowest  depths 
of  barrenness  to  the  topmost  height 
of  fruitf  ulness  almost  at .  a  bound ; 
and  the  prospect  once  entertained 
only  as  a  vague  and  misty  dream, 
that  our  population  might  one  day 
be  bountifully  suppled   without  re- 
course to  our  neighbors  on  the  east 
or  west,  has  not  only  been  realized 
•  but  surpassed ;  we  have  not  only  an 
abundance  of  our  own  but  some  to 
spare  every^season,  and  the  rate  of 
increase  of  sustenance  exceeds  that 
of  population,  showing  that  instead 
of  agriculture   being  a   mere  hope 
for  subsistence,   it   has    become  a 
feature   in   our   political  economy 
second  to   none.    It   forms  one  of 
pur  principal  sources  of  traffic,  the 
importance  of  which  can  no  more 
be  measured  than  a  few  years  ago  it 
could  certainly  be  predicted.    It  has 
not  dawned  upon  us  all  at  once,  as 
did  the  mining  resources  of  our  Ter- 
»  ritory,  but  has  grown  with  a  steady 
stalwart  growth  exceeding  the  de- 
mands of  the  times,  and  laying  the 
foundation   of  a  substantiel    pros- 
perity whose  vastness  we  can  never 
over-estimate.    In  fact,  to  build  up 
real  and  lasting  prosperity  in  a  com- 
munity, the  mineral  and  agricultu- 
.ral    resources     and     developments 
must  go  hand  in  hand ;  one  should 
not  be  so  extensive  as  to  cause  the 
people  to  lose  sight  of  the  other;  for 
while     agriculture     supplies     th<3 
miner  with  such  necessaries  as  are 
indispensable  to  the  well-being  of 
the  man  and  the  successful  prose- 
cution of  his  work,  we  find  by  the 
law  of  reciprocity,  that  the  miner 
furnishes  the  agriculturist  with  the 
means  of  facilitating  business  and 
procuring    other    necessaries     and 


comforts  in  the  shape  of  coin  of  the 
rea  m.  We.  thus  find  these  great 
branches  of  human  industry,  each 
dependant  on  the  other  for  actual 
prosperity,coequal  in  existing  impor- 
tance and  promise  for  future  re- 
sults within  the  valleys  and  gorges 
of  our  Territory,  and  the  grand  re- 
sults to  which  unitedly,  they  may 
yet  lead  us,  is  a  matter  of  conject- 
ure; judging  by  experience  how- 
ever, we  may  safely  conclude  that 
the  mystic  future  as  it  unfolds  it- 
self year  by  year  will  disclose  unto 
us  still  greater  and  grander  benefits, 
bounties  and  blessings  than  ever' 
the  history  of  the^iast  warrants  us 
in  looking  forward^." 

Utah  is  the  Nation's  child  of 
destiny.  Coming  into  the  brother- 
hood an  alien,  with  many  things 
'against  it  and  but  little  in  its  favor, 
it  has  grown  step  by  step,  into  pop- 
ular recognition,  and  is  now  in  most 
material  respects,  the  favored  child, 
Its  once  forbidding  features  have 
been  subdued,  its  innate  good 
qualities  cultivated  and  all  its 
natural,  points  trained  in  the  direc- 
tion of  useful  and  honorable  mem- 
bership in  the  galaxy  of  common- 
wealths which  compose  the  Re- 
public of  the  United  States. 

To  the  man  in  search  of  a  home 
beyond  the  crowded  cities*  and  com- 
munities of  the  east,  Utah  offers  ad- 
vantages and  facilities  equaled  by 
few  and  excelled  by  none.  Here  is 
ample  scope  for  the  exercise  of  any 
and  all  the  inclinations  and  gifts 
common  to  mankind.  Agriculture, 
"the  most  useful,  honorable  and 
healthful"  of  all  the  occupations,  is 
nowhere  more  profitably  or  success- 
fully conducted;  mining,  a  legiti- 
mate and  wealth-producing  indus- 
try, finds  in  Utah  an  inexhaustible 
field,  one  in  which  more  and  greater 
wealth  has  been  obtained  for  the 
number  of  men  actually  engaged  in 
it,  the  amount  of  time  occupied  in 
*  developments,  the  capital  invested 
and  the  extent  of  work  performed, 
than  perhaps  in  any  other  part  of 
the  world  in  any  age;  mercantile 
pursuits  flourish  even  in  our  small- 
est villages,  the  proportion  of  traffic 
to  population  being  fully  equal  to 
that  of  any  other  part  of  the  Union ; 
mechanism  finds  its  patrons  at  pro- 
fitable rates  on  every  hand  ;while  the 
arts.tke  sciences  and  the  profesions 
have  their  earnest  and  able  votaries 


whose  labors  receive  a  full  meed  of 
appreciation  at  every  point  within 
our  boundaries.  Where.verwe  may 
look,  be  it  to  the  east,  the  west,  the 
north  or  the  south,  civilization  aided 
by  the  substantial  productions  of 
mankind  and  strengthened  by  the 
fostering  hand  of  the  genius  of  pro- 
gi  ess  "soars  phoenix-like  to  Jove." 
The  press,  the  telegraph,  the  rail- 
road— the  grandest  achievements  of 
modern  science,  and  the  ones  com- 
paratively unknown  to  many  of  the 
settlers — where,  within  the  brief 
period  of  a  generation,  have  they 
obtained  a  firmer  or  more  extensive 
footing  than  in  our  own  Territory  ? 
At  an  average  altitude  of  5,000 
feet  above  the  sea  level ;  with 
breezes  impregnated  with  the  life- 
giving  emanations  from  our. own 
inland  ocean ;  with  all  the  severe  ex- 
periences of  frontier  ]jfe  overcome" 
and  dwelling  only  in  the  past;  with 
every  device  of  modern  civilization, 
looking  to  the  well-being  of  man  in 
our  midst,  with  occupation  suited 
to  the  tastes  and  experiences  of  all ; 
with  all  the  garnered  treasures  of 
nature  awaiting  development  at  the 
hand  of  the  toiler;  with  a  cosmo- 
politan population  of  150,000  souls, 
ready  and  willing  to  receive  among 
its  numbers  the  upright  and  indus- 
trious representatives  of  whatever 
tongue  or  clime ;  with  law  and  let- 
ters swaying  and  protecting  the 


multitude — who  would  ventuie  to 
say  that  Utah  is  not  the  ideal  place 
wherein  mankind  may  find  a'  nome 
no  less  inviting  than  secure?  There 
is  ample  room  for  at  least  ten  times 
our  present  numbers,  with  resour- 
ces sufficient  to  secure  wealth  to 
some  and  prosperity  to  all.  So  here 
in  the  Great  Basin,  sheltered  and 
shadowed  by  the  serrated,  rock- 
ribbed  peaks  which  emerged  from 
the  earth's  interior  before  the  time 
of  our  common  parent  we  stand  a 
community  of  witnesses  to  the" 
truth  of  the  assertion  that  industry 
guided  by  intelligence  and  strength- 
ened by  faith  will  convert  the 
most  hopeless  wastes  into  the  most 
fruitful  fields,  the  most  stubborn 
conditions  into  those  the  most 
yielding,and  make  of  the  forbidding 
paths  of  life  avenues  delightful 
and  inviting.  We  move  along 
grandly  in  the  noble  march  of  hu- 
man progress,  our  sweep  of  pro'sper- 
ity  unmeasured  save  by  the  strength 
and  willingness  of  our  hands ;  with 
honorable  competancy  in  possession 
and  boundless  wealth  in  prospective 
we  await  the  hour  when  Utah,  with 
the  bright  star  of  sovereignty  gleam- 
ing upon  her  breast,  will  take  her 
place  among  the  independent  States 
of  the  American  Union. 
"The  eastern  nations  sink,  their  glory 

ends; 
An  empire  rises  where  the  sun  descends." 


WALKER  BROTHERS 


AS  A.  RESULT  of  a  very  successful 
trade  in  the  BOOT  AND  SHOE  DEPARTMENT, 
we  have  decided  to  increase  our  stock  and 
facilities,  and  make  this  line  a  special  fea- 
ture. 

We  are  well  acquainted  with  the  re- 
quirements of  this  section,  and  are  AHEAD 
OF  ALT,  COMPETITION  in  our  advantage  as  pur- 
chasers.  We  are  confident  of  our  ability  to 
secure  a  large  and  appreciative  circle  of 
patrons. 

We  have  already  a  fine  stock,  and  are 
constantly  receiving  all  the  staple  novelties 
in  GENTS',  LADIES'  and  CHILDRENS'  WEAR^ 
so  that  we  can  show  an  unrivalled  variety, 

Our  prices  will  be,  of  course,  as  in  the 
past,  a  great  inducement  to  purchasers,  who 
have  Only  to  express  their  wants,  and  we 
will  supply  them  under  a  guaranty  of  satis- 
faction in  every  instance. 


Our  stock  of  General  Merchandise  is, 
as  usual,  complete  in  all  departments. 


WALKER  BROTHERS 


FURNITURE, 


Osirristg-es, 


Linoleums,  Oil  Cloths, 

WINDOW  .SHADES,     LACE  CURTAINS, 
LAMBREQUINS. 


I.  illWOODIf , 

1238  to  1244  First  South  Street, 
SALT  LAKE  CITY. 


CITY, 


WHOLESALE 


RETAIL 


Staple  aid  Fancy 

GROCERIES. 


HEAVY  &  SHELF 


FARMING  IMPLEMENTS, 

MINERS'   SUPPLIES 

AND 

Howe's  Platform  and  Counter  Scales, 

Agents  for  Laflin  &  Rand's 

SPORTING  &  BLASTING  POWDERS, 


Particular  Attention  Paid  to  Orders 


DAVID  JAMES, 


WJ9 

1 


III 


^^^j^^rg' 


I  carry  always  a  Large  Stock  of 


Iron  and  Lead  Pipes,  Hose, 

Iron  and  Brass  Fittings, 

Marble  Ware  and  Sheet  Lead. 


I  am  also  Sole  Agent  for  Utah  for  the  Celebrated 


n  on 


mtlt 


Suitable  for  all  places.      It  is  the  Finest  Venti- 
lator and  Heater  ever  invented. 


f  tariff  farritd  1® 


iw$  &s 


D.  JAMES, 


EAST  TEMPLE  STREET. 
Next  door  to  HERALD  Office. 


AND 


PRINCIPAL     HOTELS 
OF  UTAH. 


EAST  TEMPLE  STREET, 


ionfifteffta!  Hotel, 

WEST  TEMPLE  STREET, 


Proprietor. 


4|  .  .  4ik      f 

cut  fl'ntcs  0!  i  lodib 


ftem  /ftjttfi,  i&gl&ad, 

aacf  Swltzert&sd. 


We  invite  the  Public,  from  City  and  Country, 
to  call  and  inspect  our  Magnificent  Stock  oj 
Goods,  especially  selected  ivith  a  vicv.'  for  thr 
ensiling  year  in  each  of  the  following 


DEPARTMENTS : 


Silk,  Satin,  Plush,  Velvet  and  Brocade, 

French  and  Domestic  Dress  Goods, 

White  Goods  and  Table  Linen, 

Flannel  and  Domestic, 

Lace  Curtain,  Bed  Set  and  Tidy, 

Cloth,  Cassimere  and  Cloaking", 

Ladies'  and  Children's  Dolman  and  Cloak. 

Ladies'  and  Children's  Fur,  Shawl  and  Skirt. 

Ladies'  and  Children's  Shoe  and  Slipper, 

Gents'  and  Boys'  Boot  and  Gaiter, 

Fancv  Goods  and  Ladies'  Neckwear, 

Hosiery,  Lace  and  Passamenterie, 

Ladies!    and    Misses'    Knit      Underwear    am? 

Corsets, 

Gents'  and  Boys'  Clothing-, 
Gents'  and  Boys'  Hat  and_Cap, 
Gents'  and  Boys'  Furnishing  Goods, 
Carpet  and  House  Furnishing, 


Blanket  and  Quilt 
Millinery,  at  Whc 


holesale  Only. 


Each  of  the  atove  Departments  is  Folly  Beprese&ted  ic 
oar  Wholesale  Stock. 


O US 'PRICES  COMPETE  WITH  ANY 

MARKET  EAST  OR  WEST, 

FREIGHT  A1>DEI>. 


Samples  Sent  on  Application 

and 
Honorable  Treatment  Guaranteed. 


\.  IUERB1CH  & 


ANOTHER  ESSAY  ON  UTAH. 


UTAH  is  in  America.  This  seems  not  to  be  generally  understood. 
Some  Mormons  seem  not  to  understand  this;  so  do  some  Gentiles. 
The  chief  products  of  Utah  are  babies,  religious  differences  and 
big  mines.  The  country  is  full  of  people  who  want  all  the  rights  that 
the  law  allows  them,  and  in  addition,  all  those  of  their  neighbors.  This 
state  of  affairs,  of  course,  never  fails  to  produce  harmony ;  but  more  money 
would  be  made  if  it  were  otherwise.  Politicians  and  wild-cat  specula- 
tors are  particularly  anxious  about  the  morals  of  Utah.  Some  are  so 
zealous  in  their  desire  to  suppress  the  peculiar  institution  that  they  assert 
their  willingness  to  take  a  dozen  wives  each,  rather  than  to  allow  the 
Mormons  to  further  demoralize  themselves.  There  are  a  large  number  of 
people  who  seem  determined  to  increase  the  commercial  importance  of 
the  Territory.  So  earnest  are  they  that  they  buy  goods  and  never  even 
think  of  payment.  Utah  is  headquarters  for  "cranks."  The  soil  and 
climate  seem  to  be  especially  adapted  to  the  development  of  the  crop 
Some  years  since  little  attention  was  paid  to  other  than  one  of  the  lead- 
ing varieties.  Latterly,  as  the  result  of  importation,  we  can  show  a  full 
line  and  an  elegant  assortment.  We  have  the  "crank  religious,"  the 
''crank  official,"  the  "crank  moral,"  the  '-crank  regenerator,"  the  "crank 
expert"  and  the  "crank  personal."  The  "crank  personal"  is  his  own  worst 
enemy ;  the  "crank  expert"  is  chiefly  used  for  befuddling  jurors,  and  he 
sometimes  causes  us  to  doubt  the  wisdom  of  Providence,  as  we  are  forced 
occasionally  to  doubt  it  or  him ;  the  "crank  regenerator"  is  very  unpopu- 
lar at  present;  the  "crank  official"  is  too  numerous;  the  "crank  moral"  is  a 
hybrid— offspring  of  the  cranks  "personal,"  "regenerator"  and  "religious ;" 
the  "crank  religious"  is,  perhaps,  the  most  amusing  of  all.  His  first 
primer  lesson  was  in  relation  to  turning  the  other  cheek,  but  he  seems  to 
have  remembered  nothing  but  the  last  word  of  the  lesson,  and  developed 
into  its  personification.  This  class  of  crank  presents  "cheek"  whichever 
way  he  turns;  and  if  we  did  not  absolutely  know  that  he  was  a  follower, 
indeed,  a  duplicate,  of  the  "meek  and  lowly  one,"  we  should  never  sus- 
pect it.  One  of  these  latter  has  consecrated  himself,  conditionally,  to  the 
task  of  closing  up  all  liquor  establishments  inside  of  thirty  days. 

THEREFORE,  George  A.  Meears,  11,  13,  15  Second  South  Street, 
opposite  the  postoffice,  will  sell  Cigars,  Liquors,  Ales,  Wines,  etc.,  both 
Wholesale  and  Retail,  at  unusually  low  rates,  for  the  next  thirty  days— 
never  mind  the  date.  The  Business  Sample  Room,  in  connection, 
will  be  run  at  high  pressure  for  the  same  length  of  time.  The 
South  Pole  Saloon  and  Rifle  Gallery,  135  Main  Street,  and  the 
Oreedmoor  Rifle  Gallery,  25  Second  South  Street,  (side-shows  of  the 
above  concern),  will  also  respond  to  the  central  impulse.  Go  and  see  how 
they  work.  Selah ! 


LIFOfflift 
iBEWEBK, 

Emigration  Canyon. 


ALE  AND  PORTER. 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL, 


Office 


JDepot: 


77  and  19  Second  S*.uth  Street, 

1MX&  CITY, 


F!NF  IFWFfRY 

illt   UlL.WtLli  I . 


iby  & 


Zioz's  fo-opei&tiw 


SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 


EAGI/E  HOUSE 


SB 
.    Jr. 


Importers  and  Wholesale  and  Retail 
Dealers  in 


Tlu  Brut  Simlv  Inn. 


it, 


We  invite  attention  to  our  Larg-e  and 
Caretullv  Selected  Stock  of 


Hardware, 
Glassware, 
Stationery, 

Clothing, 

Notions,  Furnishings, 

Boots  and  Shoes, 

Leather  &  Findings, 
Tinware, 

Hats  and  Caps, 

CARPETS,   UPHOLSTERY  GOODS, 

—And— 

HOUSE  FURNISHINGS. 


TJO-S.-i- 


Sl  TEKINTEXDEXT. 


£  Qgdea,  and  £0gss, 
Seda  Springs,  Ids  he. 


Stock  Constantly  Replenished 

With   Everything  in  Season. 


SPRING,  SUMMER,  AUTUMN  AND  WINTER 


GROCERIES, 

HARDWARE, 

ftUEENSWARE, 

And  an  IMMENSE  STOCK  of 


GENTS'  &  BOYS'  CLOTHING. 


CLOSE    BUYERS    FOR    CASH    AVILT 
HAVE     STRICT    ATTENTION 
AND   PRICES  GUARAN- 
TEED  AT 


S.  P.  Teasdel's, 

M  STCHUA1T  LUB  COT, 


CEITIU  BMICI  HOUSE, 


The  Largest,  Finest  and  Best  Assorted  Stocks  of 


ORE  CARTS,  ORE  WAGONS, 


Sleds,  Farm  Carts,  Etc 


Wje    JrJTjuilcL   to   Special    O?^der   any   Size    :/ 
Style   of  Vehicle. 

WE  MAKE  IT  A  POINT  TO  SELL  LOW. 


Write  to  the  Central  Branch  House  for  Heading-  Matter  or  Descripti\e 

Catalogues.    Any  desired  information  will  he  promptly 

furnished  on  application  to 


SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 

JAMES  B.  GLASS,     -    -     Manager. 


l_tinomuuin 
Pamphlet 

Binder 
Gaylord  Bros. 

Makers 
Stockton,  Calif. 

PAT.  JAN  21,  1908 


